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181.
L. Tacconi P. F. Moore D. Kaimowitz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):55-66
Fires have attracted interest and generated alarm since the early 1980s. This concern has been particularly evident in tropical
forests of Southeast Asia and the Amazon, but disastrous fires in recent summers in Australia, Europe, and the United States
have drawn worldwide attention.
Concern about forest fires, and related air pollution and biodiversity impacts, led international organisations and northern
countries – such as the Asian Development Bank, the European Union, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the United Nations
Environment Programme, the World Bank, and the government of Germany – to undertake fire assessments and provide technical
assistance. Nongovernmental organisations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
and World Wide Fund for Nature, have also devoted increased attention to fires. Aiming at prevention of future fires, 40 fire
projects and missions costing well over US$30 million have worked in Indonesia over the last 20 years. Despite the money and
effort spent on them, fires continue to burn every year. It may appear to some that efforts to address the ‘fire problem’
have not been effective as fires still occur.
There remains a lack of clarity about ‘fire problems’, which has, at times, led to the adoption of policies that may have
negative impacts on livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Two ‘simple’ changes in the way fires are considered would
significantly improve fire-related policies and initiatives.
These two points are discussed in the context of Southeast Asia, and particularly Indonesia, as an example of the problems
and questions faced by tropical countries. We argue that efforts on fires so far have generated increased knowledge of the
’fire problem’; now, we need to capitalize on that knowledge to avoid wasting money in the future. 相似文献
• | Fires should be seen as a component of land management processes, rather than as a ‘problem’ to be prevented, suppressed, or mitigated. |
• | Not all fires are the same. |
182.
基于2017—2021年MODIS、VIIRS和Himawari-8等多套卫星的火点辐射能量(FRE)和云量反演数据,使用更高分辨率的火点替代相邻位置低分辨率火点的融合方法,利用晴空的火点分布数据对被云遮蔽的区域进行补偿,核算得到了2 km高分辨率的广西秸秆露天燃烧排放数据,并针对2017—2021年的广西秸秆露天燃烧排放量展开精细的时空分布研究。结果表明:2017—2021年广西秸秆露天燃烧的CO、NOx、SO2、NH3、VOCs、PM10和PM2.5的年排放量均值分别为12.91万、0.78万、0.16万、0.17万、2.77万、2.26万、2.21万t,排放高值区域分布在广西中部及西南部。秸秆露天燃烧排放的主要时间集中在冬、春季节(10月至次年3月),时值晚稻收割期和甘蔗榨季,占全年排放量的60%以上。广西秸秆露天燃烧PM2.5年均排放量是全广西PM2.5人为源年排放量的8.74%,通过逐日排放贡献分析发现,秸秆露天燃烧具有短期排放量较大的特点,2017—2021年,在1—2月有34 d出现秸秆露天燃烧导致PM2.5排放量超过人为源排放量50%的情况。 相似文献