A novel and stretchable carbon-nanotube/Ni@TiO2:W photocatalytic composite for the complete removal of diclofenac drug from the drinking water

We present the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of stretchable composites made with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silicon rubber and Ni@TiO₂:W nanoparticles (TiWNi NPs) with average size of 37 ± 2 nm. Microscopy images showed that the TiWNi NPs decorated the surface of the CNT fibers, which are oriented in a preferential direction. TiWNi NPs presented a mixture of anatase/rutile phases with cubic structure. The performance of the TiWNi powders and stretchable composites was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac (DCF) anti-inflammatory drug under ultraviolet-visible light. The results revealed that the maximum DCF degradation percentages were 34.6%, 91.9%, 97.1%, 98.5% and 100% for the CNT composite (stretched at 0%), TiWNi powders, CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 0%), CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 50%) and CNT + TiWNi (stretched at 100%), respectively. Thus, stretching the CNT + TiWNi composites was a good strategy to enhance the DCF degradation percentage from 97.1% to 100%, since stretching created additional defects (oxygen vacancies) that acted as electron sink, delaying the electron-hole recombination, and favors the DCF degradation. Raman/absorbance measurements confirmed the presence of such defects. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the scavenger's experiments and found that the main ROS were the ·OH and O₂⁻ radicals, which attacked the DCF molecules, causing their degradation. The results of this investigation confirmed that the stretchable CNT/TiWNi-based composites are a viable alternative to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water and can be manually separated from the decontaminated water, which is unviable using photocatalytic powders.     

Numerical modeling of water spray suppression of conveyor belt fires in a large-scale tunnel

Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to miners. Water sprinkler systems are usually used to extinguish underground conveyor belt fires, but because of the complex interaction between conveyor belt fires and mine ventilation airflow, more effective engineering designs are needed for the installation of water sprinkler systems. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the interaction between the ventilation airflow, the belt flame spread, and the water spray system in a mine entry. The CFD model was calibrated using test results from a large-scale conveyor belt fire suppression experiment. Simulations were conducted using the calibrated CFD model to investigate the effects of sprinkler location, water flow rate, and sprinkler activation temperature on the suppression of conveyor belt fires. The sprinkler location and the activation temperature were found to have a major effect on the suppression of the belt fire, while the water flow rate had a minor effect.     

森林地表火蔓延边界预测预报图形显示系统

地表火蔓延状况的预测预报是森林防火灭火工作中的一项重要技术。目前，国外在预测火场扩展边界的形状及分布时采用了火场椭圆面假设，当可燃物、地形或气象条件复杂变化时，预测结果偏差较大。本文从地表火蔓延的本质入手，建立起确定复杂地形、气象条件和可燃物分布情形下的火蔓延边界的数学模型，并借助于现代软件编制技术，成功地编制出预测预报地表火蔓延边界的图形显示系统，率先实现了对任意情形下火蔓延边界的合理、准确的估算。     

草原火险等级预报研究

我国草原主要分布在北方干旱、半干旱地区,频繁发生的草原火灾给畜牧业生产、人民生活及草地生态系统带来了巨大的损失,还可能引起森林火灾,使损失进一步扩大.草原火险等级预报技术可以预测和预报草原火灾的发生和发展,大大减少火灾的发生次数和带来的损失.根据我国北方草原生态和环境特点,综合影响草原火灾发生和发展的因子,选择温度、相对湿度、风速、降水量、枯草率、可燃物干重和草地连续度共7个基本指标构造了基于遥感的草原火险指数.根据计算得到的草原火险指数,将研究区域的火险状态划分为低、中、高和极高4个等级,用来预测草原火灾发生的可能性、扩展速度和扑灭难度.草原火险等级预报可以为草原火灾管理者提供有力的管理工具.     

论"性能化"防火设计中的"设计火灾场景

通过一个日本的案例简要讨论了“性能化”防火设计中“设计火灾场景”的方法与步骤，其中主要包括火灾模拟试验的数学模型，目的在于为我国的“性能化”设计提供指导。该案例取自2002年3月在澳大利亚。墨尔本召开的第四次“性能化”规范和消防安全设计方法的国际会议论文集（英文版）。     

细水雾灭油池火时各种影响因素的相对重要度分析

采用实验的方法并与理论分析相结合，对细水雾在扑灭B类火时，占主导地位的灭火机理进行了研究。实验中发现，当液体燃料的闪点相差较大时，其灭火机理往往不尽相同。并且当细水雾的雾特性相差较大时，在灭火中起主导作用的灭火机理常常也各有不同。因而那种单纯以雾滴的粒径分布作为细水雾扑灭燃料闪点较高的油池火时，雾滴的动量分布对细水雾的灭火有效性影响更大。为此，本文还建立了一个简单的模型，试图得到在这种火灾场景下，对细水雾灭火的临界动量要求。     

电动机火灾原因及其对策

对电动机的火灾原因进行分析,并根据火灾原因找出相应的对策,从而体现"安全第一,预防为主"的理念.     

火灾规律双重性模型及其对室内漏油火灾的分析

火灾的规律具有双重性:确定性和随机性。只有既研究其确定性又研究其随机性,并进而研究二者的综合才能完整地认识火灾的规律。本文提出火灾双重性规律的学术思想,通过构造室内漏油火灾的确定性和随机性模型,阐明运用火灾双重性规律表述火灾过程的具体方法。文中用微机实施的大量计算表明,该模型能方便地预言:发生室内漏油火灾时,室内设备是否会损坏以及可能被损坏的概率.     

连云港经济技术开发区危废处置情况的调查研究

通过对连云港市经济技术开发区内医药企业危废产生及库存等情况进行调查,针对目前危废处理处置过程中存在问题,提出解决对策及建议。     

《制药工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 37823—2019)解读

简述了我国制药工业概况和行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放现状,解读了生态环境部和国家市场监督管理总局联合发布的《制药工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 37823—2019),介绍了该标准的分类控制思路、控制重点、污染物控制指标设置、排放限值确定以及无组织控制要求等内容与特点。该标准从全过程控制的角度构建了适用于制药工业的VOCs控制指标体系,对完善制药工业污染物排放管理体系、补齐VOCs污染防治短板、打赢蓝天保卫战具有重要的支撑作用。