牡蛎壳填料浸没式生物滤池的除磷特性

探讨如何提高普通浸没式生物滤池除磷效果为目的，采用牡蛎壳为填料，通过改变水力停留时间来考察牡蛎壳和陶粒两种填料的浸没式生物滤柱对CODMn、NH4^ -N以及PO^3--P的去除特性。结果表明，与陶粒填料相比牡蛎壳填料在对PO4^3--P的去除方面具有明显的优势，牡蛎壳良好的除磷性能主要是通过生物诱导的化学沉淀来实现的。     

污水中磷的回收和利用途径

综述了近年来污水中磷回收的主要技术方法,重点针对磷酸铵镁结晶法,对磷酸铵镁的形成、用途及该方法的可行性做了详细的介绍与评述.同时,阐述了利用磷酸盐溶解微生物,实现磷产品肥效的回收.并对今后磷回收、回用工作的开展,提出了建议.     

A2/O-MBR工艺的脱氮除磷研究

A2/O-MBR工艺是将传统的A2/O工艺与现行的MBR工艺结合,使两者的优势得到了互补组合.研究结果表明:A2/O-MBR系统中产生的高污泥浓度不仅降低了水力停留时间且存在着同步硝化反硝化、反硝化除磷等过程,这样使其在较低的C/N(m(C):m(N)=5～6)下有着良好的脱氮除磷效果.在进水р(COD)为260～300mg/Lр(TN),р(TP)分剐为46～48mg/L,7～8mg/L下.其TN,TP的去除率达到76%,95%以上.试验期间,污泥有良好的沉降性能.     

Selection of cost-effective magnesium sources for fluidized struvite crystallization

Struvite crystallization has been considered a promising approach to recover phosphorus from wastewater. However, its practical application is limited, probably because of the high cost of magnesium(Mg). In this study, a comprehensive economic analysis was conducted using five Mg sources(MgCl_2, MgSO_4, MgO, Mg(OH)_2, and bittern) during the operation of a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor(FBR), using swine wastewater as the case matrix. First, the economic operating conditions were investigated, and subsequently, the performance and the costs of the five Mg sources were compared. The results indicated that the FBR could be operated most economically at pH of 8.5 and Mg to phosphorus(Mg/P) molar ratio of 1.5. Under these conditions, no significant differences in phosphorus removal and product quality could be found between the five Mg sources. Selecting the most economical Mg source was thus highly dependent on the prices of the reagents and Mg sources. Low-solubility Mg sources were preferable when NaOH was priced higher, while high-solubility Mg sources proved more economical when HNO_3 was expensive. The bittern was the most economical choice only when the distances for total inorganic orthophosphate removal and struvite recovery were shorter than 40 and 270 km, respectively. The current study provides an overview of the economic selection of an Mg source, which can help reduce the cost of struvite crystallization.     

生活污水二级生物处理后的铁盐混凝除磷试验研究

以生活污水二级生物处理后的出水为研究对象，考察了铁盐对浓度在2－4mg/L范围内的总磷的混凝去除效果及影响因素。结果表明，铁盐除磷的最佳pH为7.5-8；铁盐投加量较低时，适当提高GT值可使总磷去除率增加15％－20％；在适当的混凝搅拌条件下，三阶铁盐和聚合硫酸铁对总磷的去除率均在70％以上，混凝后过滤可使出水中总磷降至0.5mg/L以下。     

低负荷运行对城市污水生物除磷的影响

针对目前国内较多的城市污水处理厂长期处于低负荷运转的状态，进行了现场生产性与静态模型的试验研究。结果表明，长期低负荷运行是导致生物除磷效率下降的主要原因。长期低负荷运行使聚磷菌微生物细胞内储存物质（PHB、Glycogen、poly-P等）含量下降，使生物除磷能力丧失。为了保证生物脱氮除磷处理系统的除磷效率，可通过调节生化反应容积、控制好氧区的曝气等手段，使处理系统的负荷控制在适合的范围内。     

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.     

巢湖合肥地区洗衣粉排磷占入湖磷贡献率的研究

合肥地区人均洗衣粉用量为3．12kg/a,洗衣粉总用量为8345t/a,洗衣粉带入水体的总磷量为256．08t/a,占入湖总磷负荷量的13．62％。因此,实行“禁磷”措施后,可削减该地区入湖总磷负荷量的13．62％,对改善巢湖水质将会起到一定的积极作用。     

Potential Use of Olive-Waste Ash from Cogeneration Plants as a Soil Amendment

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of olive-cake ash as a soil amendment, using pepper (Capsicum annuum, L. cv Italian sweet). Three soils of different pH (acidic, neutral and calcareous) were used. Treatments included a control (no fertilizer application), NPK fertilizer, and two ash-application rates that provided a complete dose (equivalent to the K₂O amount in the fertilizer) and a half dose (equivalent to half the K₂O amount in the fertilizer), respectively. The ash was effective in raising soil pH. Ash treatments increased the pepper (stems and leaves) dry matter yield over control; although these increases were lower than treatment including NPK. Application of ash significantly increased leaf P concentration and AB-DTPA extractable P in soil, especially in the acidic and neutral soils. Leaf K concentrations and readily and slowly available K forms in soils were affected positively by the addition of the ash. These results demonstrate that ash from the combustion of wet olive cake can be used as a beneficial organic soil amendment.     

Characteristics and distribution of phosphorus in surface sediments of a shallow lake

Phosphorus ( P ) in sediments plays an important role in shallow lake ecosystems and has a major effect on the lake environment. The mobility and bioavailability of P primarily depend on the contents of different P forms, which in turn depend on the sedimentary environment.Here, sediment samples from Baiyangdian (BYD) lake were collected and measured by the Standards, Measurements, and Testing procedure and Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) to characterize different P forms and their relationships with sediment physicochemical properties. The P content in the sediments varied in different areas and had haracteristics indicative of exogenous river input. Inorganic P (334–916 mg/kg) was the dominant form of P . The 31P NMR results demonstrated that orthophosphate monoesters (16–110 mg/kg), which may be a source of P when redox conditions change, was the dominant form of organic P (20–305 mg/kg). The distribution of P forms in each region varied greatly because of the effects of anthropogenic activities, and the regions affected by exogenous river input had a higher content of P and a higher risk of P release. Principal component analysis indicated that P bound to Fe, Al, and Mn oxides and hydroxides (NaOH-P) and organic P were mainly derived from industrial and agricultural pollution, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that increases in pH lead to the release of NaOH-P. Organic matter plays an important role in the organic P biogeochemical cycle, as it acts as a sink and source of organic P .