基于GIS的滑坡空间特征分析

基于GIS技术对滑坡及其渗水盲洞疏干土体的空间特征进行了分析。首先讨论了基于三棱柱模型的滑坡体体积计算，然后提出确定渗水盲洞疏干土体边界与地面交线的方法，以此确定疏干土体的空间形态和体积计算方法，并以西昌一攀枝花高速公路沿线米易滑坡为例，对该滑坡的体积特征和渗水盲洞疏干土体的空间形态进行了分析和计算。     

INCREASING WATER SUPPLY BY MIXING OF FRESH AND SALINE GROUND WATERS1

ABSTRACT: The quality of ground water in any aquifer takes its final form due to natural mixture of waters, which may originate from different sources. Water quality varies from one aquifer to another and even within the same aquifer itself. Different ground water quality is obtained from wells and is mixed in a common reservoir prior to any consumption. This artificial mixing enables an increase in available ground water of a desired quality for agricultural or residential purposes. The question remains as to what proportions of water from different wells should be mixed together to achieve a desired water quality for this artificial mixture. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out, namely, the addition of saline water to a fixed volume of fresh water. After each addition, the mixture volume and the electric conductivity value of the artificially mixed water were recorded. The experiments were carried out under the same laboratory temperature of 20°C. A standard curve was developed first experimentally and then confirmed theoretically. This curve is useful in determining either the volume or discharge ratio from two wells to achieve a predetermined electrical conductivity value of the artificial mixture. The application of the curve is given for two wells within the Quaternary deposits in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

压入式局部通风工作面风流分布数值模拟研究

笔者应用三维k -ε紊流模型描述压入式局部通风工作面风流的流动过程 ,并采用控制容积法导出了描述流体流动方程的离散化方程式 ;用计算流体力学的方法求得了三维k -ε紊流模型的数值解。采用SIMPLE(压力耦合方程式的半阴解法 )算法解算流场 ;TDMA(三对角线算法 )和Gauss Seidel法结合通过线顺法求解离散方程。利用弱松弛法防止非线性方程组迭代求解过程中的发散现象 ,获得了掘进工作面空间的速度分布 ;并将模拟解算结果与在具有实际尺寸的拱形巷道模型中测得的实验结果进行了对比。数值计算结果与模型实验测定结果非常一致 ,验证了笔者的数学模型和数值模拟方法的正确性。     

基于交通量的平面信号控制交叉口交通冲突模拟研究

针对我国交通冲突技术发展尚处于起步阶段 ,交通冲突数据统计尚不充分的现状 ,笔者研究了交通量和交通事故、交通冲突的密切关系 ,尝试建立以交通量为基础的交通冲突数学模型 ,力求更加准确地对平面交叉口进行安全评价 ,克服传统的基于事故统计的安全评价方法的不足。     

Evaluation of Mass-Transfer Coefficient of Free Fall – Cascade-Aerator

The mass-transfer coefficient of a free-fall cascade-aeratorunit of 15 million litres per day was evaluated for its efficiency in the removal of a class of volatile organics, the trihalomethanes(THMs). These compounds are carcinogenic and occur as a resultof chlorination of natural waters. Due to the volatile nature ofthe THMs, the efficiency of aeration as a potential techniquefor their removal has been studied. The principle behindaeration is gas-transfer, according to which the gas-liquidinterface is hypothesized to consist of a gas and liquid filmthrough which gas is transferred by molecular diffusion untilequilibrium is attained. The overall mass transfer coefficient(K _L) of the aerator considering oxygen as the reference compound, was found to be29.3 hr^-1 for THMs.     

全氟二甲基环丁烷示踪剂吸附采样

借助气相色谱基本原理,测定了全氟二甲基环丁烷大气示踪剂通过Carboxen-569碳分子筛吸附管的分配系数,考察了温度和采样速度对穿透体积和安全采样体积的影响,确定了示踪剂吸附采样的基本参数吸附剂用量为150mg,吸附采样温度≤40℃,采样速度为200mL/min,样品解吸温度为200℃.     

基于体积应变含瓦斯煤增透率模型及采动响应研究

为获得含瓦斯煤开采过程中渗透率的采动响应规律,从孔隙率的基本定义出发,通过引入增透率来反映单位体积改变下煤体渗透率的变化,建立了基于体积应变的含瓦斯煤增透率模型。基于增透率模型,结合工程实例采用Comsol Multiphysics模拟了含瓦斯煤开采过程中增透率的变化规律,并开展了增透率采动响应的试验研究。研究结果表明:增透率模型可对采动裂隙网络形成的煤层透气性进行定量评价研究,采动是影响含瓦斯煤增透率的关键因素,受采动影响,煤体体积应变、增透率的变化规律均基本一致,煤体膨胀变形、增透率随采煤工作面的推进逐渐增大,增透率的变化滞后于体积应变的变化,且越靠近工作面煤层增透效果和瓦斯抽采效果越好;沿煤层倾向,回风巷侧最大瓦斯抽采量大于运输巷侧,煤体增透率亦大于运输巷侧。依据增透率的采动响应规律调整瓦斯抽采孔与工作面的角度,可增加抽采量,降低工作面瓦斯浓度。     

运用盐充法测量双壳贝类的壳腔体积

以长牡蛎（Crassostreagigas）和紫贻贝（Mytilusedulis）为例,研究了以食盐为填充物（盐充法）测量贝类壳腔体积的测量方法,并运用“水容法”进行验证。对两种贝类的测量结果表明,两种方法测得的壳腔容积结果相近,均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但运用盐充法测量牡蛎壳腔体积是水容法效率的8．4倍,测量贻贝壳腔体积的效率是水容法的6．2倍。由此可见,运用盐充法测量双壳类的壳腔体积具有操作简便和高效的特点,可广泛应用于贝类生理、生态和环境科学等领域的研究中。     

纳米磁粉协同解偶联剂作用下活性污泥性能的研究

为了促进解偶联剂作用下活性污泥减量化效果及污泥沉降性能,本研究在序批式活性污泥工艺的设施中同时添加解偶联剂和纳米磁粉,分析其协同作用下对活性污泥性能产生的影响.研究发现2,4,5-三氯苯酚(TCP)单独作用下污泥减量达41%,但活性污泥基质降解性能及沉降性能降低,而纳米磁粉与TCP联合作用下污泥减量仍达34%,且对C、N、P去除效能和污泥沉降性能均无明显影响.运行31 d后,脱氢酶活性提高10%～18%,且具有一定的时间累积效应;在光学显微镜下观察可发现污泥絮体结构紧实,原生动物和后生动物种类和数量增多.结果还表明,在活性污泥工艺中运用纳米磁粉与TCP协同作用可抑制剩余污泥的产生,并能提高活性污泥系统的运行效能.     

The influence of aggregation of latex particles on membrane fouling attachments & ultrafiltration performance in ultrafiltration of latex contaminated water and wastewater

The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of latex particle aggregation on membrane fouling attachments and the ultrafiltration performance of simulated latex effluent using Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide(CTAB) as a cationic surfactant. Hydrophilic polysulfone and ultrafilic flat heterogeneous membranes, with molecular weight cut off(MWCO) of 60,000 and 100,000, respectively, as well as hydrophobic polyvinylidene difluoride with MWCO of 100,000, were used under a constant flow rate and cross-flow mode in ultrafiltration of latex solution. In addition, a polycarbonate flat membrane with uniform pore size of 0.05 μm was likewise used during the experiment. The effects of CTAB on the latex particle size distribution were investigated at various concentrations, different treatment times, and diverse agitation duration times. The effects of CTAB on the zeta potential of membrane surfaces and latex particles were also investigated. The data obtained indicate that the particle size distribution of treated latex effluent experienced significant shifts in the peaks toward a larger size range caused by the aggregation of particles. As a result, the mass of fouling contributing to pore blocking and the irreversible fouling were noticeably reduced. The optimum results occurred in the instance when CTAB was added at the critical micelle concentration of 0.36 g/L, for the duration of 10 min and with minimal agitation. Notably, a higher stirring rate had an overall negative effect on the membrane fouling minimization.