塔克什肯口岸土壤放射核素含量调查研究

利用高分辨半导体能谱分析方法分析了新疆塔克什肯口岸土壤天然放射性核素铀238、镭226、钍232、钾40和人工放射性核素铯137的含量,共选取8个采样点16个土壤样品及4个煤炭及废旧金属样点。结果表明:进口货物道路各采样点其铀238、钾40及铯137均比非进口货物道路各点高,镭226、钍232含量则相反,而煤炭和废金属的各样品的铀238、镭226、钍232、钾40都高于进出口道路和非进口道路,Cs137则相反,表明进口煤炭和非金属对天然放射性核素产生了较大影响,而对人工放射性核素影响较小。和新疆及全国背景值比,进口道路和非进口道路土壤中各放射性核素含量均未超过天然本底值范围,进口煤炭和废金属虽然各放射性核素含量则略高于背景值,表明试验点没有受到放射性污染,对当地居民和进出境人员不会产生辐射伤害。     

汕头港污染扩散计算研究

广东汕头高新技术产业园区西区向汕头牛田洋排放污水,为科学评价污水排放的影响,需进行污染扩散计算.根据牛田洋肚大口小的地形特点和排污方案论证计算的需要,本模型采用正交曲线网格,网格既能贴牛田洋弯曲边界,又能克服计算域网格疏密悬殊的问题.该污染扩散模型,通过验证计算,最大潮位误差0.06m,潮位、流速过程与实测基本一致,模型采用的糙率对牛田洋是适宜的,建立的污染扩散数学模型较真实地模拟了牛田洋附近水域的水流情况和污染扩散仿规律.     

连云港埒子口海域潮动力特征及其变化

为研究连云港埒子口海域潮流动力特征及其对周边海岸工程的响应,以及为治理埒子口闸下淤积问题提供参考,建立了基于有限体积法离散二维浅水方程的数值模型。采用实测水文资料对模型率定和验证,应用模型分析埒子口潮流动力特征和建设徐圩港防波堤和灌河口导堤后埒子口海域潮流动力的变化。模拟结果表明,建设工程后潮流动力变化较大,埒子口海域涨急流和落急流方向改变,涨、落潮平均流速均减小,距离工程区域越近,流速变化越大。埒子口海域潮流动力减弱将会加重上游挡潮闸的闸下淤积问题,致使埒子口排水不畅,进而增加沂北地区的洪涝风险,所以,相关部门应及时采取措施,保证埒子口排涝畅通。     

Fish Responses to Experimental Fragmentation of Seagrass Habitat

Abstract: Understanding the consequences of habitat fragmentation has come mostly from comparisons of patchy and continuous habitats. Because fragmentation is a process, it is most accurately studied by actively fragmenting large patches into multiple smaller patches. We fragmented artificial seagrass habitats and evaluated the impacts of fragmentation on fish abundance and species richness over time (1 day, 1 week, 1 month). Fish assemblages were compared among 4 treatments: control (single, continuous 9‐m² patches); fragmented (single, continuous 9‐m² patches fragmented to 4 discrete 1‐m² patches); prefragmented/patchy (4 discrete 1‐m² patches with the same arrangement as fragmented); and disturbance control (fragmented then immediately restored to continuous 9‐m² patches). Patchy seagrass had lower species richness than actively fragmented seagrass (up to 39% fewer species after 1 week), but species richness in fragmented treatments was similar to controls. Total fish abundance did not vary among treatments and therefore was unaffected by fragmentation, patchiness, or disturbance caused during fragmentation. Patterns in species richness and abundance were consistent 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after fragmentation. The expected decrease in fish abundance from reduced total seagrass area in fragmented and patchy seagrass appeared to be offset by greater fish density per unit area of seagrass. If fish prefer to live at edges, then the effects of seagrass habitat loss on fish abundance may have been offset by the increase (25%) in seagrass perimeter in fragmented and patchy treatments. Possibly there is some threshold of seagrass patch connectivity below which fish abundances cannot be maintained. The immediate responses of fish to experimental habitat fragmentation provided insights beyond those possible from comparisons of continuous and historically patchy habitat.     

Economic valuation of damages originated by major accidents in port areas

Due to special features of ports – variety of activities: storage and loading/unloading of hazardous materials; circulation of ships, lorries and trains; proximity to urban zones; etc. – major accidents can be associated with severe damages. The cost of such accidents must be known to allow for compensation to people and companies. A procedure is presented to estimate the cost of damages suffered by people, equipment and environment. Criteria to assess the cost of damage to people – a controversial issue – are discussed, establishing a method to predict the number of people killed, injured and evacuated. Economic compensation is proposed. Environmental damages are also considered. These include potential damage to the atmosphere, soil, water and fauna. Estimates of the cost of the equipment and buildings affected by the accident are proposed. Finally, an assessment of the loss of profits due to activity breakdown and indirect costs is analysed. The methodology presented can easily be extended to general, inland process and storage sites.     

高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头地基处理中的应用

高真空击密法是指通过真空排水-击密多遍循环,从而对淤泥粉质黏土进行地基处理的一种方法。通过工程实例,介绍了高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头有限公司矿石、原辅料及成品泊位地基处理工程中的具体应用,并通过高真空击密法检测试验确定了地基处理施工参数,经处理后的地基增加了土体的密实度,表层形成了固结硬壳层,完成了大部分工前沉降,且地基承载力超过150kPa,能满足工程建设的要求。表明该地基处理方法在本工程中的应用是成功的,对类似工程具有重要的借鉴和推广意义。     

天津港北煤南移环境效益探讨

分析了天津港煤、焦炭储运的现状及其污染情况,南疆物流散货中心作为实现“北煤南移”的重大战略,将彻底改变堆场、储运场凌乱分布的局面,改变现有煤尘污染的情况,具有良好的环境、社会效益。     

Changes in HIV/AIDS/STI knowledge, attitudes and practices among commercial sex workers and military forces in Port Loko, Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone suffered from 11 years of civil war (1991-2002) resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and mutilations together with massive population displacement. In 2001, ARC International, Sierra Leone conducted a baseline survey of 201 commercial sex workers (CSWs) and 202 military respondents on the knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding HIV/AIDS and STIs in Port Loko, Sierra Leone. In 2003, a comparable post-intervention survey of 202 CSWs and 205 military respondents was performed. Comparison of baseline and post-intervention results showed that HIV/AIDS knowledge increased among both groups, with those able to name three effective means of avoiding AIDS increasing from 5 per cent to 70 per cent among CSWs, and 11 to 75 per cent among the military. Reported condom use during last sex increased among CSWs from 38 to 68 per cent and among military from 39 to 68 per cent. These results demonstrate that, despite the challenges inherent in a post-conflict country, good-quality AIDS-prevention programmes can be effective.     

上海港集装箱运输功能的演化及优化——兼论上海国际航运中心建设

通过对近20年上海港集装箱流量和流向结构的系统分析，认为其运输功能大致经历了集装箱喂给港和集装箱枢纽港基本成型两个阶段，并从影响其功能变化的国家政策、港口腹地、依托城市、国际航运市场四方面因素进行了初步探讨；从系统综合的视角讨论了上海国际航运中心建设的主要对策措施，即加快与周边港口的协作、整合长江沿线港口以及推进长江深水航道建设。     

港口安全管理现状分析及对策研究

2002年港口下放地方,港口管理体制发生重大变化,港口安全管理出现缺位。摸清新体制下港口安全管理现状及存在的问题,特别是危险货物的监管问题是港口安全管理的迫切任务。笔者通过对港口安全管理状况调查、统计和分析,找出了港口体制改革后,安全管理存在的主要问题是安全管理机构、法规、人员等方面存在缺陷;认为当前港口安全管理是机制没有理顺,提出了建立港口安全管理长效机制的思路,为交通行业对港口安全进行有效管理的决策提供依据。