关于抗爆与泄爆设计方法的研究

文章就抗爆与泄爆设计的各个方面做了介绍。     

地震灾害紧急救援问题综述

防震减灾包括三大工作体系，即监测预报，震灾预防和紧急救援，本文根据地震灾害的特点和成灾规律，对目前国内外紧急救援工作中的组织机构，人力物力及专业技术等问题进行了综合论述。     

基于模拟的腐蚀管道可靠性分析

腐蚀失效是压力管道失效的主要模式之一。通常采用腐蚀管道剩余强度估算的方法 ,评价腐蚀管道的安全性。腐蚀管道的剩余寿命则采用可靠性理论计算得到。以各种局部腐蚀缺陷的评定方法来建立模拟模型 ,直接采用蒙特卡罗模拟可以计算得到不同时间下的管道的失效概率 ,同时根据目标可靠度来确定腐蚀管道的剩余寿命。含多个腐蚀缺陷的管道的失效概率需要考虑缺陷间的相关性。采用模拟方法可以计算失效概率的秩相关 ,避免采用独立假设来计算管道的失效概率     

生物滤池—PE管微孔压滤技术治理中药废水

应用ＰＥ管微孔压滤技术，并辅以自然沉降、曝气、生物滤池等技术手段治理中药废水，出水达ＧＢ８９７８－８８中的一级排放标准，并回收了约７０％的水资源，文中的油污给ＰＥ管微孔压液技术带来的影响作了介绍。     

地震救灾的几个决策问题

本文系统地总结建国以来我国地震救灾对策和决策的经验,研究救灾响应规模、地震医疗、救灾物资运输等几个重大决策问题,提出了震后救灾决策的思路和方法。     

高压水射流系统动态特性试验研究

阐述了建立ＧＹＳ—３００系统的原理图及其主要装置特性。还阐述了高压容器对水射流系统动态压力特性影响的试验及其结果分析。试验结果表明合理地选配高压容器，可使往复式增压器高压水射流系统获得良好的动态工作特性，并使所研制的水射流系统具有工业应用前景。     

井底冲击压力特性的研究

运用数值模拟的方法研究了单喷嘴射流撞击井底时产生的冲击压力及其分布规律。研究结果表明，井底最大冲击压力梯度所在的位置距撞击中心约０．１１４倍喷距处，井底最大冲击压力梯度和射流喷速成正比，和喷距成反比，本文绘出了其数学表达式。数值计算结果和室内实验数据吻合较为一致。     

论保险业在减灾中的作用

灾害对生命财产造成巨大损失。在充满灾害风险的环境中,保险不仅是灾后补偿灾害损失的一种有效措施,而且能在灾前通过保险费率的厘定在土地利用、区域规划、结构加固等方面起到减轻灾害的控制作用。因此保险业是减灾工作中的重要力量。     

国际地震救援行动中的医疗力量配置分析

强烈地震在造成大量建筑物倒塌的同时也造成了大量的人员伤亡,如何快速有效抢救埋压在废墟下的幸存者,如何快速救治因建筑物倒塌的压伤人员,如何有效防止灾后的疾病肆虐,在简要分析了几次国际地震救援行动的医疗力量配置情况之后认为,合理配置的医疗力量和快速的医疗救助行动将可以极大程度地抢救垂危的伤员。     

Computer-aided modeling of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in tunnel structures

This paper aims at contributing to the efficient design of explosion protection systems against confined explosions. The issue addressed concerns the quantitative estimation of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in the case of confined explosions inside tunnels. A series of virtual experiments performed by computer simulation, revealed how the number of vents, their diameter, as well as the angle between the vents and the tunnel, influences the blast wave attenuation. The computational study was performed considering a complicated large-scale tunnel configuration with branches on its half portion. The purpose was the calculation of the attenuation effect due to the presence of vents by comparing the total explosion-specific impulse developing at antidiametric positions inside the tunnel. Simulations were carried out via a three-dimensional numerical model built in the computational fluid dynamics code CFX 5.7.1, which has been validated in previous papers against experimental overpressure histories data demonstrating reasonable performance. Computer results showed that the use of branch vents provides an effective method for shock wave attenuation following an explosion, whereas their statistical elaboration revealed that the attenuation is mainly affected by the number of vents and their diameter. In contrast, the angle between the side vents and the main tunnel appeared to slightly affect the pressure wave weakening. Eventually, the quantitative influence of the above parameters was effectively illustrated in functional diagrams, so that the total attenuation effect may be promptly estimated, if the design variables are known. In addition, two statistical models with reasonable fitting to the calculated data are proposed, which express the attenuation effect as a dependent variable of the design variables including their interactions.