预测流速法在炼厂高温高压烟道烟尘浓度采样分析中的应用与探讨

对预测流速法用于炼厂高温高压烟道采样分析的可行性进行了探讨，介绍了针对高温高压烟道烟尘采样分析特点进行的技术改进，指出该方法存在的问题和保证分析准确度应采取的措施。     

某铅锌矿采空区处理与卸压开采方案研究

900m水平似上采空区回收矿柱及900 m水平以下的巷道掘进或矿房开采时经常发生岩爆.为了安全、经济地回收矿柱并实施深部开采,在数值分析的基础上,提出了一种急倾斜矿体的采空区处理与卸压开采方法,并用ANSYS数值模拟确定了采空区处理及卸压开采的施工参数.结果表明,在下盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离为10 m时,上盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离取20m;在巷道底板隔断开采的深度不超过20m;必须从上、下盘脉外巷道同时向采空区围岩实施V型松动爆破;可只在上盘巷道底板进行隔断开采.该采空区处理与卸压开采方法技术可行、经济合理、简便适用.当地表允许岩体移动时这种新方法适合急倾斜、厚度大矿体的采空区处理与卸压开采;如果地表不许可岩体移动,使用这种新方法是不合适的.该采空区处理与卸压开采方法是一种采空区处理的联合法.它能够用工程爆破这一种手段实现采空区处理、应力向有利于安全生产的方向转移等多种目的.     

Bridging the sanitation gap between disaster relief and development

By interpreting disasters as opportunities to initiate the fulfilment of development needs, realise the vulnerability of the affected community and environment, and extend the legacy of relief funds and effort, this paper builds upon the concept linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in the sanitation sector. It aims to use a composite of case studies to devise a framework for a semi‐hypothetical scenario to identify critical components and generic processes for a LRRD action plan. The scenario is based on a latrine wetland sanitation system in a Muslim community. Several sub‐frameworks are developed: (i) latrine design; (ii) assessment of human waste treatment; (iii) connective sanitation promotion strategy; and (iv) ecological systems and environmental services for sanitation and development. This scenario illustrates the complex issues involved in LRRD in sanitation work and provides technical notes and references for a legacy plan for disaster relief and development.     

Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Mini-Channel with Water Infiltration Continuously Along the Flow Direction

Characteristics of air–water two-phase flow pattern in a square-mini-channel were investigated experimentally. One sidewall of the flow channel was made of a permeable porous media. Air was fed into the channel from its inlet, while liquid water was injected uniformly into the channel along the permeable sidewall. Based on the results of visualization, the typical flow patterns encountered in the conventional co-current gas–liquid two-phase flow were not observed in the present work. Flow patterns of this special gas–liquid two-phase flow were catalogued, and the influence of gas flow rate and liquid infiltration rate on flow patterns was also analyzed. The results also indicate that the channel differential pressure on both sides brings obvious fluctuations when the liquid is infiltrated. The frequency of this fluctuation depends not only on the amount of liquid infiltration but also relies on the gas flow rate significantly. However, the amount of liquid infiltration barely affects the fluctuation in the amplitude of the pressure differential.     

广播媒介在灾害救助中的积极作用——基于汶川等十县市的调查结果

灾害事件发生后,信息的有效传播对于灾害救助意义重大.灾害事件往往伴随电力、交通、通讯的中断,导致许多传播媒介无法发挥作用,而广播媒介因其较强的抗灾害能力在灾害信息传播过程中保持了相对畅通,成为灾害救助的重要媒介.本文介绍了广播媒介在自我救助、专业救助和社会救助中的不同作用,进一步探讨了几种常见的传播媒介的抗灾害能力,并针对广播媒介在灾害救助中存在的问题提出了一些建议.     

日本阪神大震灾在应急救灾上的几点教训

本文从防灾体制、心理准备和防灾规划等方面分析日本阪神大震灾在应急救灾行动中的教训，并结合我国的情况作了简单的讨论。     

131105综采面地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯技术研究

为了合理布置地面抽采瓦斯钻孔,基于矿山压力与顶板控制理、保护层开采理论等,研究了地面钻孔平面布置和结构,地面钻孔抽采瓦斯量和抽采瓦斯浓度随工作面距钻孔距离的变化规律,同时利用双示踪技术对地面钻孔抽采范围进行了测试,综合考察了地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯的有效范围。结果表明：地面钻孔抽采瓦斯有效范围不小于200m。     

An experimental study of an LPG tank at low filling level heated by a remote wall fire

This paper describes an experimental study of 2300 L pressure vessels exposed to remote fire heating by a natural gas fuelled wall fire simulator. The tanks were filled to 15% capacity with commercial liquid propane. The flame intensity and distance were varied to study the effect of different heating levels on the tank and its lading.The fire simulator is first characterized with tests including fire thermocouples, radiative flux meters and thermal imaging. With the appropriate positioning of a target tank it is possible to get very realistic fire heat fluxes at the tank surface.Three tests were conducted with the 2300 L tanks filled to 15% capacity with propane. The tanks were positioned at three different distances from the wall fire resulting in measured average peak heat flux at the tank surfaces ranging between 24 and 43 kW m^?2. The data shows rapid rise in vapour space wall temperatures, significant temperature stratification in the vapour space, and moderate rate of pressure rise. These results provide excellent data for the validation of computer models used to predict the response of pressure vessels exposed to moderate heating from a remote fire.     

Investigation of ammonium nitrate based emulsion ignition characteristic

This paper presents an analysis of the observed ignition behaviors of ammonium nitrate (AN) and emulsion explosives (EE). Pure AN and EE locally ignited by a heat source do not undergo sustained combustion when the pressure is lower than some threshold value usually called the Minimum Burning Pressure (MBP). A reason for pure AN's and EE's incapable of burning was suggested, and the roles of sample water, inorganic salts, oil phase, and sensitizer were discussed. Accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) was used to study the thermal stability of EE and AN. The results also showed that MBP is of vital importance and useful for the manufacture and application of AN and EE in terms of accident prevention.