超高压水射流系统压力稳定性研究

超高压水射流系统压力的稳定是系统提高切割性能的关键,稳压器容积的大小、方向阀转换时间、喷嘴直径是影响系统压力稳定的主要因素。分析了系统压力稳定过程,并对三种不同容积的稳压器分别进行了试验研究,所得结论对系统压力稳定性的提高具有指导意义。     

晚清赈灾思想研究述评

近年来史学界对晚清赈灾思想的研究取得了长足进展,研究内容侧重于两个方面:官赈思想和义赈思想。官赈思想研究表现在某一人物的个体赈灾思想研究和群体赈灾思想研究;义赈思想研究主要表现在经元善的义赈思想和由官赈到义赈思想转型两个方面。总体来看,史学界对于晚清赈灾思想的研究取得了一定成果,但也存在诸如理论方法、研究内容、史料建设等方面的问题与不足。     

Steam cavity and explosion intensity of molten copper column interaction with water

The steam explosion is one of the most serious accidents in the metallurgical industry. In this paper, an experimental study on the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was carried out using high-speed camera and transient pressure measurement system. The effects of temperature, falling height, diameter and mass of molten copper column on the interaction were investigated. The steam cavity phenomenon was observed in the interaction and the percentage of steam cavity volume affects the probability of fragmentation of molten copper column. The maximum percentage of steam cavity volume increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of temperature and falling height. It increases with the increase of diameter of molten copper column, but the mass has a weak effect. The pressure wave generated by the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water gradually increases with an increase in the temperature of molten copper column. The energy conversion rate in the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was calculated. The rate of energy conversion from the thermal energy of molten copper column to the energy of pressure wave is low because most of the thermal energy is dissipated into the cooling water by heat transfer.     

国民政府对1931年江淮水灾救治述论

1931年,江淮流域发生特大水灾。南京国民政府积极应对,在制度上建立起协调和组织全国性救灾机构——国民政府救济会,颁布了多项救灾规章制度,制定和丰富赈款募集办法和途径;在实践上以急赈为先,继之开展卫生防疫、以工代赈和农赈等救灾措施。国民政府在救灾中起着主导作用,凸显了政府强力介入公共领域力量,也显示了政府企图通过民族灾难来进行国家整合的努力。     

Public regulatory relief and the adoption of environmental management systems: a European survey

An increasing number of organizations across the world have adopted Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on certifiable standards, notably the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the ISO 14001 standards. Although the specialized literature has studied the motivations, obstacles and benefits of the adoption of these standards for EMSs extensively, the impact of the public incentives on the adoption of such environmental management tools has been overlooked. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this article aims to shed light on the level of companies' knowledge and application of the main regulatory relief initiatives provided by public administrations around the EU for organizations with a certified EMS. For that purpose, this article summarizes the main findings of a survey carried out with the participation of 244 European EMAS-registered organizations. The findings of the survey highlight the fact that most of the surveyed companies have adopted or benefitted from some form of regulatory relief, mainly by making use of the measures granting an extended duration of some permits (44%), reductions in financial guarantees in the waste-treatment sector (31%) and tax reductions (26%). Moreover, it emerges that, among countries, the role of regulatory relief to support companies in the path to the adoption of EMSs is not univocal.     

抢险救灾物资保障模拟训练系统分析与设计

计算机模拟训练是增强抢险救灾应急保障能力的重要手段,在联合仿真建模技术的基础上分析并设计了抢险救灾物资保障模拟训练系统。提出了系统功能需求,主要包括物资保障业务、分布交互式协同、模型管理与优化、数据管理、过程推演与保障流程控制等;分析了三层系统结构,基础平台层由指挥系统、导调控制系统、RTI等组成,资源层由模型库、知识库、数据库等组成,应用层则由生活、野营、医疗、工程、装备等五个模拟训练子系统组成;给出了基于联合仿真建模技术的仿真模型设计流程,并完成了基于HLA的分布式系统设计,构建了抢险救灾物资保障的四类联邦成员,设计了FOM与SOM模型,完成了Agent-DEVS联邦模型与RTI的接口。以上研究为开展抢险救灾应急保障模拟训练奠定了基础。     

电动振动系统在振动时效方面的应用

本文论述了振动时效的原理和工艺方法,比较了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效和自然时效、热时效以及传统的振动时效在消除工件内部产生的残余应力优缺点,指出了使用电动振动系统进行的振动时效在各类典型工件中应用的有效措施。     

排污权交易初始分配中的权利配置与救济

排污权初始分配合理与否在很大程度上决定着市场交易能否持续,因而初始分配权利的合理配置是排污权交易制度设计的核心。初始分配中政府主导地位、政府失灵和公众参与的利益诉求决定了应该对政府权力加以约束,应该构筑以政府权力约束为核心,采取直接和间接权力约束方式的权利分配机制。同时,还应着重从环保问责制和环境公益诉讼两方面构建和完善初始分配中的权利救济制度。     

我国防灾救灾物资市场建立过程中的企业行为与对策探讨

在社会主义市场经济条件下,防灾救灾物资也同样需要通过市场配置,而不是通过计划调拔。在目前及今后一段时期迫切需要研究并适应灾害特点,迅速建立适合中国国情的防灾救灾物资市场体系,变政府开发为市场开发,逐步使企业发展成为防灾救灾物资市场开发的主体。     

闽江流域公众对工业企业外部环境压力的认知

企业外部环境压力的强弱对解决我国环境问题起着决定性的作用。通过对闽江流域公众对工业企业外部环境压力认知的调查研究,一方面了解到目前公众的环境保护意识,另一方面从公众的角度看政府、新闻媒体、科研机构、金融保险机构以及公众自身在环境保护中的作用,反映出闽江流域企业外部环境压力现状与存在的问题,从而针对问题提出闽江流域环境保护的对策。