An approach to the influence of industrial structure on urban ecological environment

ＡｎａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｎｕｒｂａｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＣｕｉＦｅｎｇｊｕｎ；ＲｕＪｉａｎｇ；ＸｕＹｕｎｌｉｎ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃ...     

高浓度CO2对红松根际及根外土壤微生物群落结构的影响

采用DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)技术,于2003年的7～9月中旬对高浓度CO2(700和500μmol·mol-1)处理下的红松幼苗根际和根外0～10 cm土壤微生物群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高对红松根际和非根际土壤细菌群落结构产生了较大的影响,主要表现为部分细菌物种的出现,或原有细菌数量的丰富以及原有物种的消失或其数量被削弱的现象,但主要建群种未变.     

水土化学体系中钙镁对土体结构强度贡献的试验研究

城市区域的土体环境一般是处在常态即常温、常压、缓变异的水化学环境中,在这种环境中,影响土体稳定的要素-土体中的化学组份扮演着重要的角色,而其对诸如地面沉降、土洞的产生都有重要影响。土体稳定受其结构强度控制,钙镁是土体结构构成中重要组成部分,理论与实践分析表明,在常态水环境下,其对结构往往起着控制作用,在常态水环境中,土结构的破裂面并不是通过颗粒本身,而是通过颗粒、颗粒集合体与集合体之间粒间连结。设计的常态水环境下的化学组份变异与CO2分压增高水环境下的室内模拟试验,揭示了化学组份钙镁对土体结构的贡献与对宏观强度的作用。     

5%NaCl盐雾环境对铝合金铆接防护结构性能影响研究

目的研究2024铝合金在5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳性能。方法开展2024铝合金5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳试验,采用"疲劳加载-腐蚀环境"交替循环的试验模式,通过试验测试铝合金铆接结构在5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳寿命值,分析不同疲劳载荷大小对铝合金连接结构的腐蚀疲劳寿命影响。结果 5%NaCl盐雾环境对于铝合金铆接结构疲劳寿命有较大影响,疲劳载荷对防护涂层防护性能和腐蚀疲劳载荷的滞后效应等两方面影响,0.25P破坏载荷相较于0.3P破坏载荷,涂层防护作用影响更小,低载锻炼效应更强,腐蚀疲劳寿命降低量更少。结论 2024铝合金铆接结构耐腐蚀性能与结构载荷和防护涂层特性有重要关系。     

我国大气环境下大型钢结构的长效防护

论述了喷涂Zn、Al及Zn鄄Al合金涂层的防护性能,列举了它们在不同环境条件下的腐蚀试验结果及数据,介绍了一些工程实例中采用金属喷涂层进行防护的效果及防护寿命。此外还介绍了氟碳树脂涂层在我国典型的高辐射太阳能和沿海地区环境下的优秀耐候性能。在上述工作基础上,推荐了关于大型钢结构高效、长效防腐措施的2种建议方案,其防腐蚀寿命可达15～20年以上。     

农业流域“汇”型景观结构对径流调控及磷污染物截留作用的研究

选取天津于桥水库北岸桃花寺流域作为实验流域,进行了流域景观格局对生态水文及磷污染物迁移转化过程影响的野外实验研究.研究结果表明,流域中广泛分布于季节性河流附近的汇型景观结构(石坝、植草水道、植被过滤带、干塘、缓冲区等),通过滞留/缓冲功能,对地表径流的流速及流量具有双重调控作用,延长了养分物质在流域内部的滞留时间,对产生于不同源区的面源污染径流具有截留、吸纳、贮存作用,使径流中泥沙和磷素浓度逐渐得到降低,减少了养分对下游水体的负荷输出.多次降雨径流的监测结果表明,无论在大暴雨下的连续流事件还是在小雨下的间断流事件中,汇型景观结构均能表现出良好的养分持留功能.在2003年6月22日连续径流事件中,地表径流的流速可由系统入口处的37.2 cm·s-1降至系统出口处的11.1 cm·s-1,污染径流体积可削减50.2%,TSS、TP、TDP、DRP的持留率分别可达72.7%,69.3%,59.8%和57.9%.在间断径流事件中,污染径流全部为汇型景观结构所截留,泥沙和磷素的持留率更高.对21场降雨-径流事件的统计分析结果表明,干塘和植被过滤带是本实验流域控制污染物输出较为稳定的两种结构.     

南水北调中线水源区浮游植物与水质研究

2003~2005年对南水北调中线水源区水体浮游植物的调查结果表明,该水域共有浮游植物96种及变种,隶属于8门63属,其中种类最多的藻类植物依次是硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻.藻类的细胞密度表现出夏季最高、冬季最低的明显季节变化.运用Margalef和Menkinick多样性指数对该水域的水质进行评价,结果显示,水体为寡污型,基本处于中营养状态.图3表3参14     

观山村畜牧业生态经济亚系统的畜种结构和生态效率

本文对位于亚热带丘岗区畜牧业生态经济亚系统的畜种结构和生态效率进行研究。因地制宜地调整和优化畜种结构,充分合理地利用当地饲料资源,改善饲料营养结构,增强亚系统的总体功能。     

Effects of the Resolution and Kinematics of Olfactory Appendages on the Interception of Chemical Signals in a Turbulent Odor Plume

A variety of animals use olfactory appendages bearing arrays of chemosensory neurons to detect chemical signatures in the water or air around them. This study investigates how particular aspects of the design and behavior of such olfactory appendages on benthic aquatic animals affect the patterns of intercepted chemical signals in a turbulent odor plume. We use virtual olfactory `sensors' and `antennules' (arrays of sensors on olfactory appendages) to interrogate the concentration field from an experimental dataset of a scalar plume developing in a turbulent boundary layer. The aspects of the sensors that we vary are: (1) The spatial and temporal scales over which chemical signals arriving at the receptors of a sensor are averaged (e.g., by subsequent neural processing), and (2) the shape and orientation of a sensor with respect to ambient water flow. Our results indicate that changes in the spatial and temporal resolution of a sensor can dramatically alter its interception of the intermittency and variability of the scalar field in a plume. By comparing stationary antennules with those sweeping through the flow (as during antennule flicking by the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus), we show that flicking alters the frequency content of the scalar signal, and increases the likelihood that the antennule encounters peak events. Flicking also enables a long, slender (i.e., one-dimensional) antennule to intercept two-dimensional scalar patterns.     

Genetic population structure and sociogenetic organisation in Formica truncorum (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)

Summary The genetic population structure and the sociogenetic organization of the red wood ant Formica truncorum were compared in two populations with monogynous colonies and two populations with polygynous colonies. The genetic population structure was analysed by measuring allele frequency differences among local subsets of the main study populations. The analysis of sociogenetic organisation included estimates of nestmate queen and nestmate worker relatedness, effective number of queens, effective number of matings per queen, relatedness among male mates of nestmate queens and relatedness between queens and their male mates. The monogynous populations showed no differentiation between subpopulations, whereas there were significant allele frequency differences among the subpopulations in the polygynous population. Workers, queens and males showed the same genetical population structure. The relatedness among nestmate workers and among nestmate queens was identical in the polygynous societies. In three of the four populations there was a significant heterozygote excess among queens. The queens were related to their male mates in the polygynous population analysed, but not in the monogynous ones. The data suggest limited dispersal and partial intranidal mating in the populations with polygynous colonies and outbreeding in the populations having monogynous colonies. Polyandry was common in both population types; about 50% of the females had mated at least twice. The males contributed unequally to the progeny, one male fathering on average 75% of the offspring with double mating and 45–80% with three or more matings. Correspondence to: L. Sundström