安全工程专业人才培养模式与专业知识结构优化

阐述了构建高校安全工程专业人才培养新模式应遵循的原则,从安全工程专业人才市场所需的知识结构出发,以安全专业学科科学理论作指导,对高校安全工程专业的知识结构进行优化,提出了其课程体系设置方案,并应用于安全工程专业人才培养的实践教学.     

Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid development of modern industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment,coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modern industrial engineering.This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modern industrial engineering,and indicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modern industrial engineering;Then,based on industrial ecology,environmental economics and sustainable development theory,the connotation and definition of ecoindustrial engineering are proposed,and the theoretical and practical development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated.Furthermore,the research subject,research content,academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed.Finally,combining the current scientific and technological development,we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of constructing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.     

'It'll never happen to me': understanding public awareness of local flood risk

Following the severe flood events of 1998 and 2000, the United Kingdom's Environment Agency prioritised the need to increase public flood risk awareness. Drawing on data collected during research undertaken for the Environment Agency, this paper contributes to understanding of one aspect of flood awareness: people's recognition that their property is in an area that is potentially at risk of flooding. Quantitative analyses indicate that class is the most influential factor in predicting flood risk awareness, followed by flood experience and length of time in residence. There are also significant area differences. Our qualitative work explores how those defined as 'at risk' account for their lack of awareness or concern about their risk status. We conclude that the problem is often not simply a lack of awareness, but rather, assessments of local risk based on experience that underestimate the impact of rare or extreme events. We underline the importance of engaging with local perspectives on risk and making local people part of 'awareness-raising' processes.     

'All hazards approach' to disaster management: the role of information and knowledge management, Boyd's OODA Loop, and network-centricity

The ever-increasing complexity of disasters demands utilisation of knowledge that exists outside domains traditionally drawn upon in disaster management. To be operationally useful, such knowledge must he extracted, combined with information generated by the disaster itself, and transformed into actionable knowledge. The process, though, is hampered by existing, business-oriented approaches to knowledge management, by technical issues related to access to relevant, multi-domain information/knowledge, and by executive decision-making processes based predominantly on historical knowledge. Consequently, as shown by many recent incidents, the management of large-scale (mega) disasters is often inefficient and exceedingly costly. This paper demonstrates that the integration of modified information and knowledge management into the concepts of network-centric operations and network-enabled capabilities, and the employment of Boyd's OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act) Loop-based decision-making in unpredictable and dynamically changing environments, may address some of these problems.     

The Introduction of the Precautionary Principle in Danish Environmental Policy: The Case of Plant Growth Retardants

In this paper, we investigate the Precautionary Principle (PP) in action. Precaution is a fairly new concept in environmental policy. It emerged back in the 1960s but did not consolidate until the 1980s, as it formed part of the major changes taking place in environmental policies at that time. The PP is examined in three contexts. Firstly, we look at the meaning of the concept and how it is disseminated through the media and public discourses to the political arenas of Denmark. Then we examine how the idea is adopted to the political level. Thirdly, we look briefly at the first Danish translation of the principle into a practical context, which includes translations into concrete scientific practices. It is concluded that if the PP shall be more than a simple “idea” or a frequently used “term,” emphasis must be put on the transformation of the concept into concrete practices, like e.g., the alternative testing regimes that we show in the case of plant growth-retarding pesticides presented in this paper.     

植物修复研究的知识谱图分析

为了解有关植物修复研究领域的研究热点、发展趋势、核心作者及研究机构,通过检索1999～2020(3.18)年共21年CNKI数据库中有关植物修复研究的文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制关于植物修复研究的知识谱图,并进行文献可视化分析.结果表明:近21年来该研究领域发文数量呈波动式增长态势;我国植物修复研究近年来主要分...     

Flood proneness and coping strategies: the experiences of two villages in Bangladesh

This paper explores peoples' indigenous survival strategies and assesses variations in people's ability to cope with floods in two flood‐prone villages in Bangladesh. It reveals that people continuously battle against flood vulnerability in accordance with their level of exposure and abilities, with varied strategies employed at different geophysical locations. The paper reports that people in an area with low flooding and with better socioeconomic circumstances are more likely to cope with impacts compared to people in areas with high and sudden flooding. Similarly, households' ability to cope varies depending on people's socioeconomic conditions, such as education, income and occupation. Although floods in Bangladesh generate socioeconomic misery and cause damage to the environment, health and infrastructure, people's indigenous coping strategies have helped them to reduce significantly their vulnerability. Such flood‐mitigating strategies should be well recognised and emphasised further via proper dissemination of information through an early‐warning system and subsequently external assistance.     

安全科学的研究对象与知识体系

在研讨安全科学和学科内涵若干论述的基础上,以科学、交叉科学、辩证唯物主义为指导,对安全科学的研究对象、安全科学的知识体系、安全科学综合理论体系的构成进行了表述。以大安全观为主线,给出了安全科学是以人们在生活、生产、生存领域的安全问题为研究对象;研究具有复杂的、巨系统特点的安全系统的结构,研究其由安全态如何突变、势垒跃迁转化为另一个安全态;研究消除或控制危害因素的理论和技术;研究如何控制和回避风险;研究安全观念和思维知识体系的一门交叉学科。特别阐明了安全科学研究对象的特殊性及其要揭示的特殊规律。试图确立安全科学的科学地位。     

宁波市公民防灾应急状况调查研究

为了解公民关于应急知识的掌握情况,也为制定应急宣传教育方法和重点教育内容提供依据,采用自编问卷对1 318名公民进行了调查。结果显示,宁波市公民防灾应急意识状况总体良好,但存在显著的性别差异、城乡差异、文化程度差异、年龄差异和职业状态差异。     

关于硝酸铵爆炸事前评价的探讨

硝酸铵主要用作肥料大量使用 ,或作为制造工业炸药的重要原料 ,是一种强氧化剂 ,同时又是自反应性物质 ,国内外因对其控制或管理不当 ,曾发生多起重大爆炸事故。为防止在生产、贮存、运输以及使用过程中的爆炸事故 ,笔者探讨并提出了硝酸铵爆炸事前评价模式。这种评价方法 ,对控制和预防硝酸铵发生事故 ,有借鉴、推广和现实意义。