IAHP-SCL法在建筑企业安全文化综合评价中的应用

通过分析建筑企业安全文化的实施模式,提取能全面反映其建设现状的10个典型指标,从企业内部组织、时间和空间三个纬度出发,建立企业安全文化现状评价层次模型,在此基础上,用IAHP法确定各评价指标的权重,并用自行设计的问答形式检查表获取各评价指标的绝对评分标准,从而实现对建筑企业安全文化建设现状的定量综合评价.实例表明,该法简便、实用,可在实际应用中推广.     

数学统计方法在公路降噪措施中的应用

基于交通噪声影响的复杂性,提出将层次分析法和加权系统聚类法应用于公路环保设计降噪措施的决策中,有效避免了人为主观因素的片面性.选取3个反映交通噪声影响程度的指标并予以量化,采用层次分析法和加权系统聚类法对各个受噪声影响的环境敏感点按影响程度进行排序及归类,在时间及资金有限的情况下,实现降噪措施的优化设计及资金的有效使用.     

基于正交设计的填土高边坡稳定性因素分析

填土高边坡作为一种特殊类型的土质边坡,其力学参数的离散度与施工密切相关。找出各参数对边坡稳定性的依次影响程度,以及在超载和地震作用下它们对稳定性的影响程度所发生的变化,对此类边坡设计和施工控制起着重要的作用。本文以湖北大畈某填土高边坡为依托,采用正交设计法分析了各力学参数对边坡稳定性的影响程度以及超载和地震对稳定因素产生的影响,可为此类边坡的进一步研究提供参考。     

面向新时期流域管理的控制单元划分方法设计与应用

科学划分控制单元是实现流域水环境精准、高效管理的重要基础。为满足新时期中国流域系统治理和“三水”统筹的新要求、新任务,设计建立了一种新的控制单元划分技术方法,将中国重点流域划分为3442个断面控制单元和822个流域控制单元。基于控制单元划分成果,进一步构建了包含流域—流域控制单元—断面控制单元—控制断面—水功能区5个层级逐步细化的流域空间管控体系。实际案例分析与论证表明,新的流域空间管控体系能有效促进流域水环境管理各项措施落地,可进一步推动流域治理科学化、精细化、差异化,并为“三水”统筹提供决策支持。     

油气井用安全避爆点火装置可靠性研究

目的 解决石油开采电缆射孔工艺中雷管存在的早爆风险给井场带来的安全隐患。方法 设计油气井用安全避爆点火装置,选用高安全性大电流雷管,采用电路隔离、传爆序列隔离设计方案,对装置内的压缩弹簧进行选型设计与分析,并完成该装置的保险解除及复位模拟试验。结果 所设计的安全避爆点火装置,使用截径5 mm规格的弹簧能满足压力导通要求,以及泄压后弹簧克服蠕变性能损失使装置切换为安全状态的要求,确保了施工状态与未施工状态下的管柱安全性。结论 该装置应用于电缆射孔作业中,提高了施工可靠性,同时可确保现场作业人员的安全。     

装备维修质量管理组织结构设计模型

分析了装备维修质量管理组织结构设计的影响因素,并应用模糊数学的方法,综合集成各种信息,建立了结构设计的模型.最后,结合具体案例,阐述了该模型在装备维修质量管理组织结构设计中的应用方法.     

基于锡合金的水下机器人密封自修复系统设计

目的 解决水下机器人推进器密封系统在驱动电机轴高速旋转和高水压情况下,密封件易磨损失效导致发生漏水故障的问题。方法 利用余度设计思想,在原有密封结构的基础上,设计一种基于锡合金的水下机器人密封自修复系统,当原有密封结构失效漏水,密封自修复系统便控制限位锡合金块加热至融化,使锡合金块的限位作用消失,进而释放冗余密封圈,并通过拉簧的作用将冗余密封圈推至密封槽内,从而恢复推进器的密封功能。为验证设计的可靠性,又通过有限元软件ANSYS对密封自修复结构中影响密封性能的关键部件进行静力学分析。结果 关键部件的强度仿真结果均满足设计要求,在密封自修复实验装置箱体内注适量水,并施加2 MPa的水压保持一段时间,密封自修复系统成功启动,且其密封性能传感器未检测到其漏水。结论 密封自修复系统可在漏水的情况下顺利启动,并起到密封的作用,验证了设计的可行性。     

Anthropometric study of emergency medical services providers (EMSP) in the United States

Introduction: Design of next-generation ambulance patient compartment requires up-to date anthropometric data of emergency medical service providers (EMSP). Currently, no such data exist in the U.S. A large-scale anthropometric study of EMSP in the U.S. were conducted. This report provided the summary statistics (means, standard deviation, and percentiles) of the study’s results and examined the anthropometric differences between the EMSP dataset and the U.S. general population, and between the EMSP dataset and U.S. military personnel dataset, respectively. Method: An anthropometric study of 471 male and 161 female EMSP from across the continental US was conducted, using a sampling strategy that took into account age, sex, and race strata. Results: On average, male EMSP were found to be 18 mm taller and 7 kg heavier than US male general population, and 19 mm taller and 11 kg heavier than US male military personnel. Female EMSP were found to be 25 mm taller than US female general population, and 10 kg heavier than US female military personnel. Conclusions: These results showed that it would be inappropriate to apply general population or military data to the design of next-generation ambulance patient compartment. This new dataset provided the most recent and accurate EMSP anthropometric measurements available in the US. Practical Application: Data from this study provided an invaluable resource for the design of next-generation ambulances in the US.     

Measuring and analyzing adaptive capacity at management levels of resilient systems

Resilience engineering (RE) is capable of handling disruptive events and controlling their consequences in process industries such as petrochemical plants. This study aims at analyzing the level of adaptive capacity and identifying effective factors on developing adaptive capacity in the organizational structure of process industries. The data of this study were obtained through direct observation and a structured questionnaire in a petrochemical plant. Managers at all levels participated in the survey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical approach, was used to compute and analyze the role of the factors contributing to adaptive capacity. The results indicated that reporting safety issues played a central role in enhancing adaptive capacity at all management levels. Both middle management and low-level management emphasized the importance of management commitment, whereas top-level management considered flexibility as a vital factor in managing disruptions and reducing accidents. The findings of this study could be useful for managers and other decision-makers to improve safety in process industries.     

Consequence risk analysis using operating procedure event trees and dynamic simulation

Faults due to human errors cost the petrochemical industry billions of dollars every year and can have adverse environmental consequences. Unquantified human error probabilities exist during process state transitions performed each day by process operators using standard operating procedures. Managing the risks associated with operating procedures is an essential part of managing the overall safety risk. Additional operator training and safety education cannot eliminate all such faults due to human errors; therefore, we propose an operating procedure event tree (OPET) like analysis with branches and events specifically designed to perform risk analysis on operating procedures. The OPET method adapts event trees to analyze the risk due to human error while performing operating procedures. We consider human error scenarios during the procedure and determine the likely consequences by applying dynamic simulation. The modified event tree provides an estimate of the error frequencies.Operating procedure steps were developed, and potential operator faults were determined for two typical equipment switching procedures found in chemical plant operations. Then, dynamic simulation using Aspen HYSYS software was applied to determine the overpressure related consequences of each fault. Finally, the error frequencies resulting from those scenarios were analyzed using operating procedure event trees. We found that a typical ethylene plant gas header would overpressure with 0.6% frequency per manual dryer switch. Since dryer switches occur from every few days up to once per shift, these results suggest that dryer switching should be automated to ensure safe and environmentally friendly operation. Process dryer switching performed manually by operators opening and closing gate valves can be automated with control valves and a distributed control system. A sample distillation column was found to overpressure with 0.85% frequency per manual reflux pump switch.