积极参加’97年全国“安全生产周”活动

积极参加’９７年全国“安全生产周”活动安全生产与劳动保护是企业和整个经济生活的一个重要环节，每一个从事生产、经营的企业都无不面临这个问题。搞好安全生产与劳动保护工作，对于减少生产过程中的危险和事故；减少由此造成的经济损失和降低生产经营成本；对于保护劳...     

四川省中低产田土的综合治理

本文以四川中低产田土综合治理实况为例,着重论述了自然灾害对农业生态系统的严重危害,从而阐明了改造中低产田土对提高经济、生态、社会三大效益的重要性和紧迫性,并从省情出发,总结提出当前乃至今后相当一个时期,农业部门所应采取的几项行之有效的措施,展望了2000年前景。     

Regeneration of industrial district wastewater using a combination of Fenton process and ion exchange—A case study

Regeneration studies of wastewater effluent from an organized industrial district (OID) for possible reuse in textile industry as process water was investigated. Advanced treatment methods including Fenton process, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) coagulation and ion exchange were applied on OID effluent. In Fenton process removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SAC₄₃₆ (spectral absorption coefficient), SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 61%, 36%, 35%, 49% and 67%, respectively. After Fenton process, wastewater samples were coagulated with PAC. Optimum removal efficiencies for SS, COD, Fe ion, SAC₄₃₆, SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 83%, 18%, 93%, 32%, 36% and 58%, respectively. Ion exchange experiments were conducted on chemically coagulated wastewater samples to improve the quality of wastewater. Optimum dosage of resins was determined. The experiments revealed that 1:1 resin ratio (20 mL H-type resin:20 mL OH-type resin) gave the best removal rates for the parameters considered in this study. Study results indicated that quality of the wastewater was suitable for the process water characteristics of textile industry and unit wastewater treatment cost was determined as 2.54 €/m³.     

A process model to estimate the cost of industrial scale biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by supercritical transesterification

This paper describes the conceptual design of a production process in which waste cooking oil is converted via supercritical transesterification with methanol to methyl esters (biodiesel).Since waste cooking oil contains water and free fatty acids, supercritical transesterification offers great advantage to eliminate the pre-treatment capital and operating cost.A supercritical transesterification process for biodiesel continuous production from waste cooking oil has been studied for three plant capacities (125,000; 80,000 and 8000 tonnes biodiesel/year). It can be concluded that biodiesel by supercritical transesterification can be scaled up resulting high purity of methyl esters (99.8%) and almost pure glycerol (96.4%) attained as by-product.The economic assessment of the biodiesel plant shows that biodiesel can be sold at US$ 0.17/l (125,000 tonnes/year), US$ 0.24/l (80,000 tonnes/year) and US$ 0.52/l for the smallest capacity (8000 tonnes/year).The sensitive key factors for the economic feasibility of the plant are: raw material price, plant capacity, glycerol price and capital cost.Overall conclusion is that the process can compete with the existing alkali and acid catalyzed processes.Especially for the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel, the supercritical process is an interesting technical and economical alternative.     

Integration of process safety engineering and fire protection engineering for better safety performance

Since the inception of the process industries, there have been a great number of process incidents causing significant loss of life and property damage. Even the establishment and implementation of a series of rigorous regulations has not prevented the occurrence of process incidents. In order to protect people, property and the environment a more robust safety program is needed and the safety performance of process industries must continue to improve. In this work, the common ground and the unique characteristics of process safety engineering (PSE) and fire protection engineering (FPE) is reviewed to demonstrate the potential benefits of unifying the two fields or improving the coordination between them to create a more robust safety program, thereby enhancing the safety performance of process industries. Recommendations are made to facilitate and encourage continued discussion and efforts toward the integration of process safety engineering and fire protection engineering.     

陕北能源化工基地建立生态工业园模式选择及两种模式构建流程

生态工业园的建设主要有4种模式。通过比较各个模式的特点,针对陕北能源化工基地现状,提出基地建立生态工业园应选择改造重构与产业共生两种模式：绘制流程图,对两种模式的构建流程进行研究。     

矿井水一体化自动净化的研究

我国属于淡水资源贫乏国家的行列,特别在一些矿区,缺水现象尤为严重.与此同时.若矿井水经井下水泵提升到地面以后,未经处理就直接外排,一方面造成了水资源的严重浪费,加剧了水危机,另一方面也造成了矿区周边环境的严重污染.因此,研究的主要内容就是如何合理有效地利用这部分水,使它变废为宝,既提高水资源的利用率,又改善周边环境,迭到矿区的可持续发展.     

利用小样本数据预处理技术提高效能指标精度

提出了运用熵值判别法和线性均方估计法来处理小样本数据的方法.熵值判别法是根据熵的上界对应最大的不确定度,利用所得数据的熵信息量判别数据是否含有粗大误差;线性均方估计消除粗大误差是一种采用软化的方法处理粗大误差.经过多次试验,结果表明这两种方法在处理小样本采样数据时能够有效地提高数据精度.     

区域环境噪声达标区建设浅析

环境噪声达标区建设是环境噪声污染防治从单项点源治理走向面源综合治理,从定性管理走向定量管理的一项有效措施。介绍了大连市金州区环境保护局率先采用网格法开展区域环境噪声达标区创建工作,工程面积达20km^2,并通过专家鉴定验收。环境噪声达标区的建设为加速城市环境噪声污染综合整治,提高区域声环境质量打下良好的基础。     

人类抗灾体适能培养途径的研究

在<人类抗灾体适能的理论架构的研究>的基础上,通过问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、查阅资料法、逻辑分析法等,进一步确认了人类抗灾体适能的概念、影响因素等;并分析了通过体育教育培养人类抗灾体适能的可行性,认为体育教育中人类抗灾体适能的培养途径有体育竞赛、长时间的球类活动、中长跑、长时间的健美操、游泳、定向越野与野外生存等.