基于AHP法白洋淀湿地生态评价

以白洋淀湿地为研究对象,采用层次分析法对湿地进行生态评价.结果表明:湿地最主要的功能是生态服务功能(0.64);其次是生态保护功能(0.26);最次是资源功能(0.1).单项指标中最重要的是缓洪滞沥功能(0.31),最次为土地资源功能(0.004).最后,通过计算湿地综合评价指数(CEI=0.58),根据自然保护区生态...     

磷矿山清洁生产评价指标权重最优设计研究

如何科学、准确地确定磷矿山清洁生产评价中各评价指标权重对磷矿山清洁生产评价具有极其重要的意义。因此,为了避免评价结果出现误差,本文通过对行业专家咨询调整不同准则层(或可调整的指标层)中指标所占的权重来确定最优化生产成本,实现集约生产,实现磷矿山企业利润最大化。这一设计方案的提出可为中国清洁生产水平进行准确的评价提供参考。     

佳木斯市"十一五"期间城市空气质量改善的成因分析

城市空气质量的好坏是直接关系到国民健康和幸福的环境因子,是国家环境保护"十一五"规划中"着力解决危害人民群众健康突出环境问题"的重要内容之一.本文列举了佳木斯市"十一五"以来为改善城市环境空气质量所做出的努力和采取的措施,对城市空气质量改善的成因进行了简要分析,并对进一步改善环境空气质量的提出了思路.     

2018～2020年北京市大气PM2.5污染特征及改善原因

利用2018～2020年北京市33个环境评价站和5个区域评价站的空气质量数据,以及气象数据和北京市城区PM_2.5组分数据,研究了3年间北京PM_2.5的浓度演变、时空变化和重污染发生情况,并对PM_2.5组分和气象条件变化进行比较分析.结果发现,3年间北京市ρ(PM_2.5)分别为51、42和38μg·m^-3,2020年的PM_2.5相比2017年下降30.9%,但仍超过国际标准8.6%;北京市PM_2.5空间分布依旧维持南高北低的特征,但南北差异逐年减小,区域浓度趋于均一化;1～3月PM_2.5浓度相对较高,8～9月PM_2.5浓度相对较低,采暖季各污染物浓度均显著高于非采暖季,NO_x和CO分别偏高58.4%和52.9%,PM_2.5偏高27.5%;采暖季和非采暖季PM_2.5日变化出现反向特征,采暖季夜间PM_2.5明显...     

CO2 emissions in calcium carbide industry: An analysis of China's mitigation potential

China's calcium carbide output has dominated the global market for several years, driven by the demand for PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a fundamental polymer material and also the primary downstream product of calcium carbide in China. The fast growth of this energy-intensive industry leads to an inevitable increase in CO₂ emissions. However, there is a large reduction potential with process improvement in this industry which is currently characterized by widespread outdated facilities. In this study, we attempt to assess the reduction potential of CO₂ emissions in China's calcium carbide production, based on the analysis of CO₂ emission patterns and estimation of the emission amount. Three scenarios regarding process improvement are employed to conduct this assessment. The results imply that the cumulative CO₂ abatement in the Current Policy Scenario and in the Strengthened Policy Scenario from 2008 to 2020, compared with the Baseline Scenario, are 89.0 and 107.6 million t, respectively. The specific measures and policy implications to achieve this potential are also discussed in the article.     

Age and gender differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to Iowa's driver improvement program

Introduction

This paper investigates potential gender and age differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to attend Iowa's Driver Improvement Program (DIP).

Methods

Binary logit models were developed to investigate the factors that influence conviction occurrence after DIP by gender and age. Because of the low crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, association rules were applied to investigate the factors that influence crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, in lieu of econometric models.

Results

There were statistical significant differences by driver gender, age, and conviction history in the likelihood of subsequent convictions. However, this paper found no association between DIP outcome, crash history, and crash occurrence.

Impact on industry

Evaluating the differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to DIP between female and male drivers, and among different age groups can lead to improvements of the effectiveness of DIPs and help to identify low-cost intervention measures, customized based on drivers’ gender and age, for improving driving behaviors.     

如何提高层燃工业锅炉热能利用率

通过对影响锅炉热能利用率的各种因素分析,提出提高锅炉热能利用率的综合改进措施。     

民航空管质量安全监察人员胜任能力模型研究

以空管政事分离改革后民航空管质量安全监察人员胜任事业单位内部质量安全监察职责为目标,从教育、培训、技能和经验四个方面分析构成民航空管质量安全监察人员胜任能力的因素,并构建了胜任能力指标体系.运用网络分析法(ANP)构建了民航质量安全监察人员胜任能力的网络结构模型;利用三角模糊数(FUZZY)对网络结构模型中各个因素进行重要度比较,得到权重向量.鉴于评价指标之间存在的较强的关联性,利用非线性加权综合法,构建了民航空管质量安全监察人员胜任能力模型,该模型对评价指标中取值较小的指标反应灵敏,能够更好地体现不同监察人员之间胜任能力的差异.利用该模型对某空管单位来自于不同背景的5名监察人员进行评价,结果与上一年度该空管单位的绩效考核结果一致,证明了模型的合理性.     

不同改良措施对煤矸石污染土壤上大豆生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过添加粉煤灰和牛粪对煤矸石污染土壤进行改良,并研究了不同改良措施对大豆生长、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,添加粉煤灰0.07 kg.kg-1(T1)、添加牛粪0.07 kg.kg-1(T2)、添加粉煤灰和牛粪各0.07 kg.kg-1(T3)3种土壤改良措施对大豆的株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均有显著影响,不同生育期株高、叶面积和单株根瘤数均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK。在花期和鼓粒期,3种土壤改良措施下大豆的叶绿素含量和光合速率均显著高于对照,且T3处理显著高于T2和T1。与对照相比,不同土壤改良措施对大豆的单株荚数、百粒重、单株粒重和产量均有显著影响,T3、T2和T1处理的大豆产量较对照分别提高68.47%、40.99%和30.63%。     

南京市江宁区地表水断面生态补偿机制研究

经济的高速发展不只是为社会带来了便利,也无形中增加了水资源消耗的速率与水环境污染的负担。自“十三五”以来,为提高断面水环境质量、提升整体水质环境,各省市相继出台了水环境提升、水污染防治以及生态补偿政策。南京市江宁区顺应中央要求并结合自身特点,积极制定并实施了断面生态补偿工作方案,建立了由考核指标、补偿方式、核算方法、补偿标准组成的成套断面生态补偿考核系统。明确了补偿标准机制、补偿责任分配以及补偿资金使用等关键问题。为推进江宁区断面水质达标工作与水环境提升的总体目标奠定了夯实的基础。