A fuzzy analytic network process for multi-criteria evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) has been proposed to incorporate interdependence and feedback effect in the prioritization of remedial countermeasures using a hierarchical network decision model, but this approach seems to be incapable of capturing the vagueness and fuzziness during value judgment elicitation. The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method using a fuzzy ANP (FANP) approach to address this shortcoming. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN) and their degree of fuzziness are used in the semantic scale as human judgment expressed in natural language is most often vague and fuzzy. The method employs the alpha-cuts, interval arithmetic and optimism index to transform the fuzzy comparative judgment matrix into set of crisp matrices, and then calculates the desired priorities using the eigenvector method. A numerical example, which was drawn from a real-life case study of an uncontrolled landfill in Japan, is presented to demonstrate the process. Results from the sensitivity analysis describe how the fuzziness in judgment could affect the solution robustness of the prioritization method. The proposed FANP approach therefore could effectively deal with the uncertain judgment inherent in the decision making process and derive the meaningful priorities explicitly from a complex decision structure in the evaluation of contaminated site remedial countermeasures.     

Guidance to improve the effectiveness of process safety management systems in operating facilities

The Process Safety Management (PSM) systems at the operating facilities in the Oil & Gas and in Chemical manufacturing industries have matured over the years and have become, at most facilities, very robust and sophisticated. These programs are administrated by Process Safety (PS) teams at both the corporate business units and plant levels and have been effective in reducing the number and severity of PS events across the industries over the past 25 years or so. Incidents however are occurring at a regular interval and in recent times several noteworthy PS events have occurred in the United States which have brought into question the effectiveness of the PSM programs at play. These facilities have been applying their PSM programs with the expectation that the number and severity of PS events would decrease over time. The expected result has not been realized, especially in context to those facilities that have undergone the recent incidents. Current paper reviews a few publicly available PS performance reports of Oil & Gas and Chemical manufacturing industries. The authors identified a few factors at play that have led to these PS events based on their experience, literature review, and incident investigation reports. Most of the factors are intertwined with multiple PSM elements and it requires a holistic approach to address them. Each of the factors is described and the path forward is proposed to improve the effectiveness of PSM programs.     

金属全生命周期风险防控管理对策

通过解析《关于汞的水俣公约》的管理对策及措施,分析了我国重金属污染防治管理中存在的问题及开展对策研究的必要性。以重金属污染防治管理战略、基础研究、政策法规和标准体系建设、信息管理体系建设、技术研发和推广、监督管理能力建设、协调机制建设等领域为切入点,分析得出了各领域存在的关键问题并提出了对策建议。     

废弃电器电子产品回收处理的生命周期模型——对“付费制度体系”的系统论证

从分析电器电子产品生命周期内流转环节的传统模式及其存在的问题入手,系统阐述了构建废弃电器电子产品回收处理的＂付费制度体系＂,以及制造商责任制、消费者义务制和全过程管理等基本原则,并对废弃电器电子产品回收处理的＂付费制度体系＂生命周期模型的运转方式及其重要意义进行了论述。     

高级氧化法处理难降解有机废水研究进展

综述了几种高级氧化法包括Fenton法、O3/UV法、O3/H2O2法、UV/H2O2法、O3/UV/H2O2法和TiO2法的反应机理、特点及在难降解有机废水处理中的应用进展,并对高级氧化法存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

改进层次分析法与模糊综合评价的耦合模型在水质评价中的应用

对传统的层次分析法进行了改进,利用0.1～0.9五标度建立互补型的模糊判断矩阵,并把和行归一法或方根法与特征向量法结合使用,提出了改进的层次分析法与模糊综合评价的耦合模型,并将该模型应用于吴淞江(苏州段)水环境质量评价中.对评价结果的最大隶属度原则进行了改进,采用加权平均原则对评价结果综合评判与排序.     

从原油储罐破裂事故谈原油储罐完整性的控制

在介绍储罐泄漏类型与泄漏危害的基础上,以原油储罐破裂事故为例,分析了储罐破裂的原因,进而阐述了原油储罐生命周期内完整性的控制。     

我国道路交通事故成因分析及预防对策

提出机动车驾驶员安全裕度的概念,对道路交通事故进行成因分析,在此基础上建立了事故成因层次结构模型,运用层次分析法确定道路交通事故成因权重,打破了以往只考虑数量的单一因素的分析方法,综合考虑了人、车、路、环境对交通事故的影响作用,比较客观地得出了道路交通事故主要成因,并提出预防对策.     

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye(RB5) from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10~(-5)cm~2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53 kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology(RSM) are: initial solution p H of 6.29,current density of 1.6 m A/cm~2, electrolyte dose of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 11.47 m L/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.     

煤气吹脱解吸法处理含氨废水中氨氮的研究

主要采用"煤气吹脱解吸法"对焦化厂含氨废水中氨氮进行吹脱解吸的优选实验研究。实验的最佳反应条件为:T=80℃,pH=10.2,Q=5L/min(气液比为1500∶1),t=120min,C=0~25 mg/L。处理后废氨水中氨氮脱除率达到96%以上,取得了满意的效果,同时氰、酚和COD也都不同程度地被脱除。经生化处理后,氨氮含量可达到国家排放标准。