等标污染负荷法和层次分析法在污染源评价中的比较--以七台河市新兴区焦化企业为例

介绍等标污染负荷法和层次分析法的具体算法和特点,运用等标污染负荷法和层次分析法分别对七台河市新兴区的焦化工业大气污染源进行评价,比较排名顺序,从而得出层次分析法比等标污染负荷法更符合区域环境与经济的可持续发展要求.     

生态城市综合评价体系的AHP模型设计与应用研究

在参考大量关于评价生态城市资料的基础上,提出了生态城市综合评价体系,并运用层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process, 简称AHP)对所选的4个指标和20个指标变量进行了比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标在生态城市中的权重及重要程度次序.     

尿素和添加剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱氮工艺研究(Ι)

对尿素和添加剂同时吸收烟气中 SO2 和 NOx 进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,烟气中 SO2 极易脱除 ,在实验条件下 SO2 脱除率均大于 99%,操作工艺条件变化主要是影响 NOx脱除率。尿素和添加剂质量分数对 NOx 脱除率影响较小 ,NOx脱除率随尿素和添加剂质量分数的增加而缓慢增加 ;吸收剂 p H和吸收反应温度对 NOx脱除率有显著影响 ,最佳 p H为 7,最佳反应温度为 70～80℃。     

煤吸附氧的过程特性研究

分析了煤吸附氧的动态变化过程并将其划分为活性吸附阶段、变能级吸附阶段和趋势化吸附阶段 ;测试了不同变质程度典型煤样的吸氧过程曲线 ,得出了滞后时间和斜率常数是煤表面位置能分布及空隙结构特性的表征量。分别由吸附动力学理论及煤氧吸附过程曲线推导了煤吸氧速度方程 ,建立了煤吸氧过程特性的数学描述模型 ,得出了煤的吸附活化能与覆盖度之间存在着对数关系。特别指出吸氧速度是煤表面与氧结合性质的度量因子 ,在一定程度上量化了煤的自燃活化性能。     

生态文明建设评价指标体系构建与实证分析——以黑龙江省为例

在深刻解读生态文明建设的本质、总结梳理已有生态文明指标体系的基础上,通过专家咨询,系统地构建了一套完整的符合我国国情的生态文明评价指标体系。该指标体系以生态文明建设水平为目标层,下设生态社会、生态经济、生态环境、资源保障、制度建设5个准则层,构建出包含26项指标的生态文明建设评价指标体系。以黑龙江省为例,运用层次分析法对指标赋予权重,收集黑龙江省2006~2013年最新相关统计数据,对黑龙江省生态文明建设进行实证分析与评价,表明黑龙江省生态文明建设进展较为顺利,但在生态文明建设过程中各层面发展不均衡,为此提出应着重加强完善相关制度建设、进一步提高生态资源节约水平、更加全方位保护生态环境的策略。     

我国地下水污染修复试点对策建议——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

《水污染防治行动计划》中明确提出了开展地下水污染修复试点工作,我国地下水污染的严重性正引起广泛关注,也面临着迫切的修复需求,因此启动地下水污染修复已经刻不容缓。文章介绍了发达国家的地下水污染修复经验,主要包括具备完善的法律制度、实施地下水污染源分类管理、形成完善的指南和规范。为应对我国地下水污染修复基础薄弱,落实水污染防治行动计划、全国地下水污染防治规划等国家政策需求,建立地下水污染分类管理体系,按照修复目标确定、修复方案筛选、修复工程设计、实施、监测和终止等规范程序要求开展工作,实施地下水污染修复示范工程,为全面推进地下水污染修复和改善地下水环境质量提供支撑。     

Analysis of the chosen thermal and flammability parameters of dried sewage dust

The hazardous sludge disposal process in the form of landfills requires the determination inter alia of the flammable and explosion properties of dried sewage sludge dust, which has the ability to ignite and spontaneously combust when stored in silos. At a constant furnace surface temperature, the minimum ignition temperature of the sludge dust layer with a layer thickness of 5 mm is 270 °C, and for a layer thickness of 12.5 mm it is 250 °C. Two selected fire extinguishing powders for Class A, B, C and D fires were used in the study to determine the possibility of reducing the susceptibility of dried wastewater to ignition from heated surface, self-ignition and explosion parameters. The most effective extinguishing powder was ABC Favorit, which increased the value of the minimum ignition temperature of the layer (5 mm thick) to 360 °C and the spontaneous ignition temperature of the sludge with this powder increased by 22 °C at 169.6 cm³ in comparison to the sludge without extinguishing powder, respectively. The lowest self-ignition temperature of 136 °C was recorded for the largest tested volume (169.6 cm³) for dried sewage dust without any fire extinguishing powders. The biggest values of p_max and (dp/dt)_max dried sewage dust were recorded 4.8 bar and 113 bar/s respectively. By analysing the obtained test results, it can be assumed that dried sewage dust is a combustible material with properties similar to biomass.     

Process development for recovery of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards with emphasize on palladium and gold leaching and precipitation

A novel hydrometallurgical process was proposed for selective recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). More than 99% of copper content was dissolved by using two consecutive sulfuric acid leaching steps in the presence of H₂O₂ as oxidizing agents. The solid residue of 2nd leaching step was treated by acidic thiourea in the presence of ferric iron as oxidizing agent and 85.76% Au and 71.36% Ag dissolution was achieved. The precipitation of Au and Ag from acidic thiourea leachate was investigated by using different amounts of sodium borohydride (SBH) as a reducing agent. The leaching of Pd and remained gold from the solid reside of 3rd leaching step was performed in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system and the effect of different parameters was investigated. The leaching of Pd and specially Au increased by increasing the NaClO concentration up to 10 V% and any further increasing the NaClO concentration has a negligible effect. The leaching of Pd and Au increased by increasing the HCl concentration from 2.5 to 5 M. The leaching of Pd and Au were endothermic and raising the temperature had a positive effect on leaching efficiency. The kinetics of Pd leaching was quite fast and after 30 min complete leaching of Pd was achieved, while the leaching of Au need a longer contact time. The best conditions for leaching of Pd and Au in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system were determined to be 5 M HCl, 1 V% H₂O₂, 10 V% NaClO at 336 K for 3 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10. 100% of Pd and Au of what was in the chloride leachate were precipitated by using 2 g/L SBH. Finally, a process flow sheet for the recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from PCB was proposed.     

A hybrid design methodology for structuring an Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping business

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code defines a broad framework for the safe management and operation of merchant ships, maintaining high standards of safety and environmental protection. On the other hand, ISO 14001:2004 provides a generic, worldwide environmental management standard that has been utilized by several industries. Both the ISM Code and ISO 14001:2004 have the practical goal of establishing a sustainable Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping businesses. This paper presents a hybrid design methodology that shows how requirements from both standards can be combined into a single execution scheme. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (FAD) are used to structure an IEMS for ship management companies. This research provides decision aid to maritime executives in order to enhance the environmental performance in the shipping industry.     

安全仪表系统的开发与要求

综述安全仪表系统的发展过程;对其主要组成、特点以及其各自要求进行研讨;给出安全仪表系统开发的简化流程;探讨安全仪表系统的经济性分析和仪表选择方法;对安全仪表系统整体生命周期中的计划编制、设计、实施、运行、维护和确认等各阶段活动的关键要求进行了讨论和研究。该研究对安全仪表系统的深入理解有指导作用,并为安全仪表系统的分析、设计、实施、运行和维护等活动提供参考。