基于改进层次分析法的城中村火灾风险评估及防控对策研究

为更好的预防与控制城中村火灾风险,本文将事故树、层次分析法、模糊综合评价相结合,通过FTA建立AHP模型,从防火能力、灭火能力、安全疏散能力、安全管理水平4个维度出发构建了城中村火灾风险评估指标体系,并计算了各评价指标权重,通过实例研究证明,该方法能够较好的分析评价城中村火灾风险安全等级,最后提出相对应的对策与建议,有利于城中村火灾风险的预防与控制,为提高城中村火灾消防安全管理水平奠定了理论基础。     

大型商圈安全评价体系及案例研究*

为整体评价大型商圈的安全性,结合公共安全科技三角形理论,从突发事件的危险性、承灾载体的脆弱性、应急能力3方面构建大型商圈安全评价指标体系,通过网络分析法和模糊综合评价法确定指标间权重系数,对大型商圈进行安全风险评价。结果表明:体系全面考虑了大型商圈安全风险影响因素及其内在关系,可为大型商圈安全评价体系构建和定量评估提供参考。     

Applications of resilience engineering principles in different fields with a focus on industrial systems: A literature review

This paper reviews literature that addresses applications of resilience engineering principles to various fields. Recently the concept has attracted great attention from a technical and industrial perspective. The primary focus of this paper is to review the resilience engineering applications to industrial systems with the purpose of applying them to the chemical industry. A systematic review is performed to classify peer-reviewed journal papers that are associated with resilience engineering applications into three categories: industrial systems, ecological systems, and interlinked systems. The literature in the category of industrial systems is further divided based on the type of approaches such as field studies, case studies, methodologies, and mathematical modeling. After thoroughly analyzing the literature, four key research areas are identified: Considering socio-technical factors for resilience assessment efficiently; Inculcating the possibility of multiple disasters in resilience assessment; Design optimization for resilience enhancement; Efficient restoration strategies. All these research areas have not been explored exclusively for chemical facilities to a great extent. It is concluded that if these research areas are addressed appropriately, it would help in triggering the research pertaining to the application of resilience engineering principles in chemical facilities.     

Process development for recovery of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards with emphasize on palladium and gold leaching and precipitation

A novel hydrometallurgical process was proposed for selective recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). More than 99% of copper content was dissolved by using two consecutive sulfuric acid leaching steps in the presence of H₂O₂ as oxidizing agents. The solid residue of 2nd leaching step was treated by acidic thiourea in the presence of ferric iron as oxidizing agent and 85.76% Au and 71.36% Ag dissolution was achieved. The precipitation of Au and Ag from acidic thiourea leachate was investigated by using different amounts of sodium borohydride (SBH) as a reducing agent. The leaching of Pd and remained gold from the solid reside of 3rd leaching step was performed in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system and the effect of different parameters was investigated. The leaching of Pd and specially Au increased by increasing the NaClO concentration up to 10 V% and any further increasing the NaClO concentration has a negligible effect. The leaching of Pd and Au increased by increasing the HCl concentration from 2.5 to 5 M. The leaching of Pd and Au were endothermic and raising the temperature had a positive effect on leaching efficiency. The kinetics of Pd leaching was quite fast and after 30 min complete leaching of Pd was achieved, while the leaching of Au need a longer contact time. The best conditions for leaching of Pd and Au in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system were determined to be 5 M HCl, 1 V% H₂O₂, 10 V% NaClO at 336 K for 3 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10. 100% of Pd and Au of what was in the chloride leachate were precipitated by using 2 g/L SBH. Finally, a process flow sheet for the recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from PCB was proposed.     

基于层次分析法的液货船安全评价

提出了利用层次分析法对评价对象层次结构化，再利用计算机计算出各相关因素对液货船安全问题的影响权值。所述方法在程序实现时允许评估员在实践过程中不断地根据经验合理地修正这些权值，从而最终得到一个合理的评价指标。从而从技术上能够保证在提高评估效率的同时确保评估结果的科学性和公正性。     

论灾害的生态经济性质

本文从灾害的产生与灾害概念的发展、灾害的成因与过程、灾害的后果等多个方面论证和论述了灾害的生态经济性质。灾害生态经济性质的揭示为开展各类灾害的系统总体研究—灾害的生态经济研究提供了理论依据。     

尿素和添加剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱氮工艺研究(Ι)

对尿素和添加剂同时吸收烟气中 SO2 和 NOx 进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,烟气中 SO2 极易脱除 ,在实验条件下 SO2 脱除率均大于 99%,操作工艺条件变化主要是影响 NOx脱除率。尿素和添加剂质量分数对 NOx 脱除率影响较小 ,NOx脱除率随尿素和添加剂质量分数的增加而缓慢增加 ;吸收剂 p H和吸收反应温度对 NOx脱除率有显著影响 ,最佳 p H为 7,最佳反应温度为 70～80℃。     

Developing a National Indicator of Soil Quality on U.S Forestlands: Methods and Initial Results

The Montreal Process was formed in 1994 to develop an internationally agreed upon set of criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. In response to this initiative, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) programs of the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service have implemented soil measurements as part of a national monitoring program to address specific questions related to the conservation of soil and water resources. Integration of soil assessments into the national FIA program provides for systematic monitoring of soil properties across all forested regions of the U.S. using standardized collection, laboratory, and statistical procedures that are compatible with existing forest inventory data. The resulting information will provide quantitative benchmarks for regional, national, and international reporting on sustainable forest management and enhance our understanding of management effects on soil quality. This paper presents an overview of the FIA soil monitoring program, outlines the field and laboratory protocols as currently implemented, and provides examples of how these data may be used to assess indicators of sustainable management as defined by the Montreal Process.     

基于层次分析法—模糊综合评价(AHP-FCE)模型优化矿井通风系统的研究

矿井通风系统是一个复杂的非线性系统,具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性特征。应用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价(FCE)的基本理论建立的AHPFCE模型,可以全面考虑矿井通风系统的各种因素,既能体现评价过程的模糊性,又能尽量减少个人主观臆断带来的弊端,使优选的方案更符合实际,评价结果更可靠。应用加速遗传算法检验和修正判断矩阵的一致性,具有搜索效率高、计算时间短、求解精度高、计算结果稳定、适用性强等特点,是一种全局优化方法。采用AHPFCE方法确定权重,具有较强的逻辑性、实用性和系统性,并能准确地得出各评价指标的权系数,使计算结果更客观和稳定。实例计算结果表明:AHPFCE方法简便和通用,不仅能指导生产实际,而且为类似的方案优化工作提供了一种新的思路和方法。