强化混凝处理滦河水的对比试验研究

采用3种混凝剂(三氯化铁(FeCl3)、高效聚合氯化铝(HPAC)、聚合氯化铝(PAC))对滦河水进行强化混凝中试对比试验研究。试验结果表明:在相同的混凝剂成本条件下,采用常规处理工艺时,PAC和HPAC对浊度的去除效果都很好,HPAC对CODMn和UV254的去除效果最好。在滦河水正常水质期,不同的投加量均能使出水浊度和CODMn达到《城市供水水质标准》(CJ/T206-2005)的要求。     

城市污水处理新工艺研究——高负荷生物吸附再生法

根据理论分析提出“生物吸附—沉淀—再生”的城市污水处理工艺,即高负荷生物吸附再生法。该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用,而以前两者的作用为主。对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明,该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD、BOD等污染物的去除率,具有明显的处理效果,对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是一切实可行的方法。     

基于层次分析法的液货船安全评价

提出了利用层次分析法对评价对象层次结构化，再利用计算机计算出各相关因素对液货船安全问题的影响权值。所述方法在程序实现时允许评估员在实践过程中不断地根据经验合理地修正这些权值，从而最终得到一个合理的评价指标。从而从技术上能够保证在提高评估效率的同时确保评估结果的科学性和公正性。     

论灾害的生态经济性质

本文从灾害的产生与灾害概念的发展、灾害的成因与过程、灾害的后果等多个方面论证和论述了灾害的生态经济性质。灾害生态经济性质的揭示为开展各类灾害的系统总体研究—灾害的生态经济研究提供了理论依据。     

Developing a National Indicator of Soil Quality on U.S Forestlands: Methods and Initial Results

The Montreal Process was formed in 1994 to develop an internationally agreed upon set of criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. In response to this initiative, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) programs of the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service have implemented soil measurements as part of a national monitoring program to address specific questions related to the conservation of soil and water resources. Integration of soil assessments into the national FIA program provides for systematic monitoring of soil properties across all forested regions of the U.S. using standardized collection, laboratory, and statistical procedures that are compatible with existing forest inventory data. The resulting information will provide quantitative benchmarks for regional, national, and international reporting on sustainable forest management and enhance our understanding of management effects on soil quality. This paper presents an overview of the FIA soil monitoring program, outlines the field and laboratory protocols as currently implemented, and provides examples of how these data may be used to assess indicators of sustainable management as defined by the Montreal Process.     

基于层次分析法—模糊综合评价(AHP-FCE)模型优化矿井通风系统的研究

矿井通风系统是一个复杂的非线性系统,具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性特征。应用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价(FCE)的基本理论建立的AHPFCE模型,可以全面考虑矿井通风系统的各种因素,既能体现评价过程的模糊性,又能尽量减少个人主观臆断带来的弊端,使优选的方案更符合实际,评价结果更可靠。应用加速遗传算法检验和修正判断矩阵的一致性,具有搜索效率高、计算时间短、求解精度高、计算结果稳定、适用性强等特点,是一种全局优化方法。采用AHPFCE方法确定权重,具有较强的逻辑性、实用性和系统性,并能准确地得出各评价指标的权系数,使计算结果更客观和稳定。实例计算结果表明:AHPFCE方法简便和通用,不仅能指导生产实际,而且为类似的方案优化工作提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

基于希尔伯特空间向量范数的铁路机务安全评价模型研究

在分析了层次分析法(AHP)、模糊评判法等评价方法的基础上，笔者提出了基于希尔伯特空间向量范数的铁路机务安全评价模型。围绕建立安全指数模型为核心，充分利用希尔伯特空间上单位球的弱紧性，探讨了建立标准希尔伯特指标子空间M的方法，基于层次分析法的权重算子的生成方法；在考虑相对独立选取指标的基础上，建立了基于M的向量范数的安全指数评价模型及安全指标分析模型。该评价模型具有良好的数据处理功能，包括定性数据和非定性数据；能通过指数分析，对评价对象进行横向和纵向的比较；能通过指标分析，得到各指标对于总指数的贡献率，找出问题和差距，有的放矢地改善安全环境，具有很强的适用性。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫主要工艺

简要介绍燃煤电厂烟气脱硫（FGD）的湿法，半干法，干法，可回收工艺和联合SO2／NOx工艺等五类主要工艺，并对我国烟气脱硫技术的进展进行了探讨，指出我国烟气脱硫技术的发展应走国产化的道路。     

CFD modeling and simulation of turbulent fluid flow and dust dispersion in the 20-L explosion vessel equipped with the perforated annular nozzle

A three-dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate the turbulent flow field induced by dust feeding and the associated dust dispersion within the 20-L explosion vessel equipped with the perforated annular nozzle. The model was validated against experimental data for pressure and root mean square velocity.Simulation results have shown that the turbulent kinetic energy is rather uniformly distributed and its values are significantly lower than those attained with the rebound nozzle. Furthermore, the perforated annular nozzle is able to generate a uniform dust/air cloud. However, a consistent fraction of the dust remains trapped inside the nozzle and, thus, it does not contribute to the explosion process.     

Improving safety and availability of complex systems using a risk-based failure assessment approach

This paper presents a structured risk-based failure assessment (RBFA) approach, which provides a complete solution to avoid repeated and potential failures to improve overall plant safety and availability. Technological advancements and high product demand have encouraged designers to design mega-capacity systems to enhance system utilization and improve revenues. However, these benefits make the systems more complex and thus prone to unnoticed failure. It is an overwhelming task to address all the failures due to the limited resources and time constraints. This leads to substandard and poor quality failure assessments, which cause repeated failures. To address this common industry concern, a four phase RBFA framework is proposed which is not limited to the identification of root cause(s) but also includes other actions such as failure monitoring. The four phases include the plan phase, the assessment phase, the analysis phase and the implementation-tracking phase. These phases cover identification of failure, failure analysis, root cause(s) analysis, and failure monitoring. In this paper, the applicability and advantages of the proposed approach are examined through two real case studies pertaining to bearing failure and drive coupling failure. By implementing the proposed approach, significant improvements have been experienced in the system availability in both the cases.