膜生物反应器工艺污水处理厂设计进水水质的确定

城市污水处理厂进水水质是工程设计的基本参数,进水水质的测定分析对污水处理厂的设计具有重要意义。对无锡市城北污水处理厂的现状进水水质进行了调查和分析,提出按照水质指标浓度出现的频率确定污水处理厂设计进水水质的方法,并针对采用的膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺的特点,提出:(1)根据实测数据按照一定的保证概率可以用来确定城市污水处理厂设计进水水质;(2)为了使水质的确定更加符合设计工程的实际情况,根据实测数据分析确定设计进水水质指标时,一般还需要进行趋势性调整和季节性调整;(3)确定合理的指标浓度与流量,以此为依据进行反应池的工艺设计,同时要校核夏季温度高、浓度低、流量大和冬季温度低、浓度高、流量小的工况是否满足处理要求,然后取冬、夏季校核值以及未作季节性调整设计值中最不利情况作为设计值,才能充分保证出水达到处理要求。     

石太客运专线安全保障体系的探讨

针对石太客运专线自身的特点,借鉴国外高速铁路安全运行的经验,运用系统工程相关理论,阐述了石太客运专线安全保障体系的安全因素和基本框架的主要内容,并提出了相关的建议.     

锅炉烟尘监测过程质量控制及现场采样应注意的问题

以生态文明全面取代工业文明,是实现人类生存进步及经济可持续发展的唯一途径。以我国为例,在经历40年社会改革开放、经济高速增长之后,工业化、城市化、现代化所取得巨大成就的背后,是生态环境的严重破坏,尤其近年来"雾霾"成为生态环境治理中最为顽固的诟病。锅炉烟尘是造成雾霾现象的"主要元凶",从环境监测角度出发,加强锅炉烟尘监测过程及现场采样质量控制,精准地获取相关数据,能够为环境治理方案提供科学依据。但同时,锅炉烟尘监测及采样是十分复杂且具有系统性的工作,在整个过程中需要加强质量控制。本文列举相关注意问题,以供技术人员在操作中参考借鉴。     

环境监测工作质量管理的问题及对策研讨

质量管理在环境监测工作中占有重要的地位。确保环境监测质量管理水平,才能为环保工作提供有效的数据信息支持,为实际工作的开展提供良好的保障。当前我国的环境监测质量管理方面还存在着很多的问题,需要相关部门及人员进行有针对性的解决,做好强化意识、完善制度、引入技术、全面掌控的工作,对于各环节都不能放松,才能促进质量管理工作水平实现增强,为生态文明建设做出重要贡献。     

新环境下环境监测质量控制工作思路探析

环境监测质量控制工作具有一定的规范性、强制性,承担着为环境管理部门提供可靠信息数据的重要职责。目前,我国环境监测质量控制工作仍旧存在一定的问题,在"新环境"下,或不能够满足环境监测质量控制要求,所以需要加强对环境监测质量管理工作的理论探究,以为该项工作以及整个环境监测体系提供有价值的参考理论。     

The Role of Observer Variation in Determining Rosgen Stream Types in Northeastern Oregon Mountain Streams1

Abstract: Consistency in determining Rosgen stream types was evaluated in 12 streams within the John Day Basin, northeastern Oregon. The Rosgen classification system is commonly used in the western United States and is based on the measurement of five stream attributes: entrenchment ratio, width‐to‐depth ratio, sinuosity, slope, and substrate size. Streams were classified from measurements made by three monitoring groups, with each group fielding multiple crews that conducted two to three independent surveys of each stream. In only four streams (33%) did measurements from all crews in all monitoring groups yield the same stream type. Most differences found among field crews and monitoring groups could be attributed to differences in estimates of the entrenchment ratio. Differences in entrenchment ratio were likely due to small discrepancies in determination of maximum bankfull depth, leading to potentially large differences in determination of Rosgen’s flood‐prone width and consequent values of entrenchment. The result was considerable measurement variability among crews within a monitoring group, and because entrenchment ratio is the first discriminator in the Rosgen classification, differences in the assessment of this value often resulted in different determination of primary stream types. In contrast, we found that consistently evaluated attributes, such as channel slope, rarely resulted in any differences in classification. We also found that the Rosgen method can yield nonunique solutions (multiple channel types), with no clear guidance for resolving these situations, and we found that some assigned stream types did not match the appearance of the evaluated stream. Based on these observations we caution the use of Rosgen stream classes for communicating conditions of a single stream or as strata when analyzing many streams due to the reliance of the Rosgen approach on bankfull estimates which are inherently uncertain.     

利用ADMS-城市模型模拟分析鞍山市大气环境质量

利用鞍山市 2 0 0 2年的TSP(总悬浮颗粒物 )和SO2 (二氧化硫 )大气环境监测资料、污染源排放清单资料和气象资料 ,以及ADMS -城市大气扩散模型进行了鞍山市大气环境质量分析。结果表明 :鞍山市低架源对地面浓度的贡献较大 ,高架源对地面浓度的贡献相对较小。     

A PRACTICAL MODEL INTEGRATING QUALITY ASSURANCE INTO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING1

ABSTRACT: A model of comprehensive environmental monitoring process with integral quality assurance is presented. This model views the monitoring process as iterative cycles of a series of elements: design, plan, protocols, preparation, field liaison, sample collection, sample handling, laboratory analysis, data transmission, data validation, data approval, data provision, statistical analysis, and reporting. Quality assurance is linked to each element, not just to laboratory analysis. The program of quality assurance ensures that environmental monitoring data are compatible with the project goals, are comparable between various sampling agencies, and maintain a high degree of scientific credibility. The key characteristics of the overall quality assurance process are detailed documentation, timely resolution of problems, regular reporting, and routine independent audits.     

冲压件质量精度分析

此文对冲裁件的质量、尺寸精度及影响制件的质量因素进行了分析,提出了提高制件质量的关键是控制间隙的大小。     

Insecticide fingerprinting tecinique for detection and location of organochlorine insecticide rssiduss in foods

Abstract

Insecticide fingerprinting technique enables the detection and location of DDT and HCII residues in vegetables through the development of green and Prussian blue colors respectively. Cut vegetables are pressed against o‐tolidine impregnated paper and exposed to sunlight where colored spots appear instantly. The studies on 18 vegetable varieties revealed the pesticide residues and their distribution in different tissues. This direct method is sensitive (0.3 μg for HCII & 0.5 μg for DDT) and has special applications in quality control laboratorios and food industry.