提高太阳热水器质量途径的探讨

对目前太阳热水器主要存在的质量问题及产生的根源进行了分析、讨论，提出了提高太阳热水器质量的几种途径。     

地表水粪大肠菌群监测工作实践和探讨

该文结合多管发酵法测定地表水粪大肠菌群，分析和探讨粪大肠菌群河流特性分布、监测中存在问题，提出对策措施。     

大气污染物排放总量控制中环境质量保证率的探讨

针对大气污染物排放总量控制A值法，总量控制区在符合污染物年总量允许排放限值的情况下，不能保证污染物的单位小时环境质量浓度都能连续达标的问题。文章提出了总量控制A值法的环境质量保证概念，并运用总量控制的原理，提出小时／日环境质量保证率的量化公式，经过分析得到该保证率除了与污染物种类有关外，主要与A值的分布情况紧密相关。同时利用长江下游某地的2000年气象资料，分析该地区A值的变化趋势，求得该地区SO2和NO2环境质量的小时保证率分别为97.4%、90.2%，日保证率分别为90.2%、79.5%。     

关于有机肥的再认识

不同有机肥的作用是相异的。对土壤微量元素，老化的腐殖质有固定作用、新生的活性腐殖质有促进活性作用。不同用量也会产生截然不同的作用，不当施用有机肥不能培肥土壤。应与土壤肥力联系起来开展ＦＡ研究，从广义上理解“有机培肥”理论，从有机肥利用现状、燃料和饲料、土壤与自然环境以及与有机肥利用有关的其他内容等方面普查，以便科学施用有机肥。     

内梅罗指数法在地下水水质评价中的应用及存在问题

结合《地下水质量标准》(GB1 4848-93 )提供的地下水质量评价方法在梅河口宝山地下水水源工程环评工作中的应用 ,对该评价方法的优点及存在问题进行了初步探讨。该评价方法的优点是数学过程简捷、运算方便、物理概念清晰 ;存在问题为描述环境质量的非连结性、过于突出最大污染因子作用。本文对内梅罗指数法提出一种权重修正法 ,经试算 ,得出比较理想的结果     

气相色谱法测定水中挥发酚

本文介绍气相色谱法测定水中的挥发酚。采用乙酸酐衍化预处理，氢火焰检测器(FID)测定，给出了方法的精密度和准确度，使用了质量控制(QC)样品来考察方法的性能，比较了色谱法与经典的4-AAP法的测定结果，     

Statistical hypothesis testing formulations for U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone

Environmental regulatory standards are intended to protect human health and environmental welfare. Current standards are based on scientific and policy considerations but appear to lack rigorous statistical foundations and may have unintended regulatory consequences. We examine current and proposed U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone from the standpoint of their formulation and performance within a statistical hypothesis testing framework. We illustrate that the standards can be regarded as representing constraints on a percentile of the ozone distribution, where the percentile involved depends on the defined length of ozone season and the constraint is stricter in regions with greater variability. A hypothesis testing framework allows consideration of error rates (probability of false declaration of violation and compliance) and we show that the existing statistics on which the standards are based can be improved upon in terms of bias and variance. Our analyses also raise issues relating to network design and the possibilities of defining a regionally based standard that acknowledges and accounts for spatial and temporal variability in the ozone distribution.     

Magpies' tails: damage as an indicator of quality

Quality-indicating sexually selected traits may have their honesty maintained by their costs or by an inherent “revealing” nature. Long tails in birds are usually considered to be costly “handicaps”, but may have additional potential as revealing indicators through the incidence of breakage. Magpies Pica pica with unbroken and less abraded tails paired earlier, but did not nest or fledge young earlier than pairs with tails in poorer condition. Pairs mated assortatively by tail quality, and magpies with very broken tails remained unmated. Pairs in which both members had almost undamaged tails fledged more offspring than pairs with poorer tails. Tail quality did not correlate with the extent of any habitat type in the territory. Tail damage thus honestly indicated a magpie's reproductive potential, and the data are consistent with its having a role in mate choice, as a revealing element of tail morphology. Received: 28 March 1996 / Accepted after revision: 9 December 1996     

物元分析在水质污染综合评价中的应用

本文首次提出一种用物元分析进行水质污染综合评价的新方法．该方法将水质级别、评价项目及其特征值作为物元，根据水质分级标准建立关联函数，通过计算综合关联度判断水质级别．用实例与其它方法进行了对比，结果完全一致．该方法计算简便，评价合理，实用性强，具有推广价值．     

环境质量评价中的灰色贴近度分析

以灰色理论为基础，提出了共斜率灰色贴近度分析法，并将其应用于水环境质量评价之中．经实例分析，得出了较为客观、合理的评价结果