Beyond the cage: Ecosystem modelling for impact evaluation in aquaculture

An ecosystem modelling approach was used in two areas of the Eastern Mediterranean in order to examine the effects of aquaculture on the ecology of the water column. Aquaculture expansion to meet demands of a growing population is followed by concerns about keeping impacts within socially acceptable limits. Primarily the study aimed at investigating the fate of nutrients from finfish culture and evaluating changes in chemical and biological characteristics of the water body. The model used, Aquaculture Integrated Model (AIM), is based on a complex generic biogeochemical model coupled to a 3D hydrodynamic model. Selected areas included a finfish farm in the Northern Aegean, Greece and an aquaculture development area in Vassiliko, Cyprus. Ecosystem effects were evaluated on the basis of scale and importance. Scenarios under different production levels and hydrodynamic conditions were explored at the sites. Model results showed that farm discharges are rapidly dispersed from their point source in addition to a tendency for effluents to accumulate at distances not normally associated directly with farming activity. The wide range of parameters available in the model helped identify parameters more likely to be affected by the farming activities. There was a satisfactory correlation between observed and predicted model outputs. This study demonstrates the importance of approaching aquaculture impacts at an ecosystem level and the utility of a modelling tool to this end.     

安全社区中居民安全感测量方法研究

为完善现有安全社区评审工具,使之更具可操作性,对安全社区中居民安全感测量方法进行研究。通过选取安全社区评审中的"居民安全满意度"指标,界定居民安全感概念,运用查阅文献、专家访谈、头脑风暴、问卷调查、数据包络分析、方差分析、贡献率分析、区组因子分析、公式编写等方法与手段,建立以调查问卷及运算规则为基础的居民安全感指数评价模型。通过对安全社区建设不同阶段的3类社区样本均值及样本标准差的假设检验分析,验证以居民安全感程度为考察对象的安全社区评审工具在安全社区评定中的适用性。     

Screening of process alternatives based on sustainability metrics: comparison of two decision-making approaches

Importance of sustainability concerns demands consideration of sustainability design criteria in early stages of process design. Most often there are several alternatives for a particular process which must be compared in terms of sustainability metrics to select the most sustainable design. There are several tools available for evaluation of process alternatives in terms of sustainability concerns. However, there is a need for a screening method which enables engineers to compare and select several alternatives in terms of a multitude of metrics and also incorporate their preferences if required. This study utilizes a recently developed sustainability evaluator for process evaluation and compares overall impact factor method for process screening with a novel fuzzy-based approach. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated though application of the methodology on ibuprofen case study to select the most sustainable design.     

新型动火安全防护盲板的研究与应用

介绍了新型石油石化生产动火作业配套工具动火安全防护盲板的结构、原理和使用方法 ,分析了它的特点和推广应用前景     

空气质量指数计算方法在Excel中VBA的实现简

空气质量指数计算方法是目前全国各城市空气质量重要信息发布的基础,广泛应用于城市空气自动监测的空气质量评价。依据《HJ 633-2012环境空气质量指数（AQI）技术规定（试行）》发布环境空气质量指数（AQI）计算方法,利用VBA在Excel下编写宏程序,可以轻松实现空气质量日报信息的发布,使用户从手工重复性的填充和插入函数操作方式中彻底解放出来。     

电动汽车辐射源的仿真分析

本文运用目前较为流行的三种仿真工具来对电动汽车辐射源进行仿真分析,运用MATLAB的simulink模块对汽车电池模型等效电路进行模型的搭建与仿真分析电路电流,得到电流的表达式和仿真图,再根据对电流图形进行曲线拟合,得到电流的近似表达式。把表达式当作是时间的函数,这样就可以将电池工作时的电流导入到CST中并作为激励源进行空间的仿真分析,得到电磁波的分布图。     

Proposal for an Indexical Method of Evaluating Risk of Hand Tool Operators’ Exposure to Mechanical Vibrations

The article presents proposals for an indexical evaluation of exposure of hand tool operators to vibrations. The presented indices have been developed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests. The examinations studied the effect of pressure force and grip force exerted by an operator on a hand tool as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of an exciting signal on vibrations transmitted in the hand-tool handle system.     

GIS-Based Support Tool System for Decision-Making Regarding Local Forest Protection: Illustrations from Orissa,India

A support tool system comprising risk and priority analyses was illustrated in a geographical information system environment and also tested with data from two forest protection areas for comparison of the system output. The system is recommended as a management monitoring tool for areas where village forest protection at a local level is taking place. The geographical area in the eastern part of India is subject to scarcity of forest resources and is representative in the context of widespread occurrence of local forest protection. Data used were topography, hectares protected, population census, distance to forest and other villages, degree of forest regeneration, presence of plantations, age of protection, surrounding forest resources, and population mix. Methods used were digitizing information for the systems' different layers, analyses of satellite information, field work, gathering of local information, and the application of five risk/priority analyses: erosion, ecological and institutional sustainability, conflict, and degree of dependency. Questions asked were how the different analyses should be interpreted and how the system could be kept updated. The results show that the system needs resource-demanding and field assistance to be kept dynamic. The system is also dependent on the interpretations of the analyses. The limits or levels of assistance for forest management depend on the resources available. The system illustrates how a tool can be utilized for decisions regarding input of resources. It can further be very useful in defining and comparing different areas in order to detect areas in need of assistance and the type of help needed.     

由洪水泛滥的教训谈国家统一灾害管理

本文系统分析和总结了美国在洪泛平原管理中的经验教训，研究了减灾措施、行为反应及国家长期减灾目标等方面的内容，从综合的角度提出了统一的国家减灾计划。     

排污权影子价格模型的分析及启示

通过建立排污权交易市场,引入市场机制力促进企业污染减排,以形成治污的长效机制,是推进节能减排制度创新的重要举措。作为一种以市场为基础的环境经济政策,排污权交易体系具有污染治理的成本效率特征,允许企业在以最低成本减少污染的同时拥有一定灵活性。在中国当前的排污权交易试点工作中,排污权初始分配方式成为了各方争论的一个焦点。利用排污权影子价格模型,深入剖析了排污权影子价格的形成机制和相关命题,并论述了排污权影子价格的政策含义及其对中国开展排污权交易的启示。