“四沿”化工企业污水处理系统安全事故状态下负荷缓冲及安全环境(SE)联锁探讨

在对"四沿"(沿江、沿河、沿湖、沿海)化工行业污水处理方法及流程特点总结的基础上,归纳出应对水力和污染物冲击负荷的缓冲方法。为克服缓冲控制能力有限的缺点,提出一种新方法——SE(安全和环境)联锁,以期达到完善管理、提高控制效果的目的,并详细阐述了该方法在管理及技术层面的实施途径。     

全工班呼吸性粉尘测定及防尘措施研究

针对呼吸性粉尘对矿井工人身体健康的危害,对煤矿综采工作面、综掘工作面、炮掘工作面等进行分工种个体性的全尘和呼尘监测,测定了各工作面粉尘(全尘和呼尘)的浓度、粉尘分散度和SiO2浓度。其结果表明:全工班呼吸性粉尘测定的方法更加真实可靠,更真实地反映了呼吸性粉尘对井下各操作工种的致病危害,测得的各工作面各工种的呼尘浓度均高于国家标准。通过数据的分析以及工人的建议,提出了一些新式的、有效的防尘措施来降低呼吸性粉尘对人体健康的危害。     

日本工伤事故瞒报问题的原因及对策分析

从经济全球化引发的雇用形态的变化入手,分析日本工伤事故瞒报问题的原因;针对已有的事故瞒报手法及危害,介绍对其防范、发现和处治的主要措施;通过对比分析中日两国事故瞒报防范工作的特点,提出更有利于事故控制预防、更有效地解决我国工伤事故瞒报问题的重要思路,即:在加大对事故瞒报单位的惩治力度、提高其违法成本的同时,还应建立针对依法报告事故单位的不惩罚机制或制定降低依法报告事故后的被处罚成本方面的规定;在行政责任追究和领导绩效考核时,不仅仅以事故后果或事故多少而是以其在强化安全管理方面"作为"与否为更重要的根据来进行。     

商业区与轻轨站厅开口处防火分隔失效时人员安全疏散评估

针对相连接部位开口处的防火分隔失效时人员能否安全疏散进行评估,研讨人员安全疏散评估过程中所采用的定性分析和定量分析方法。以某商场与轻轨站相连接开口处为例,考察当防火分隔耐火性能失效后,商场内人员和轻轨站的人员能否从火灾中得以安全疏散;通过火灾模拟的方法,采用BuildEvac和FDS软件分别对火灾时人员疏散状况和火灾烟气的蔓延情况进行人员疏散模拟和火灾烟气运动模拟。根据模拟计算结果,对商场内人员和轻轨站人员的安全性进行详细分析和讨论,从而得出实例评估结论:当排烟系统正常工作时,即使防火分隔(防火卷帘)失效,火场环境对商业区和轻轨站的人员生命安全在整个疏散过程中均不会构成威胁,所有人员都能安全疏散到安全地点。     

Teaching adolescents safe driving and passenger behaviors: effectiveness of the You Hold the Key Teen Driving Countermeasure

PROBLEM: Unsafe driving and passenger behaviors place teens at increased risk for fatal and nonfatal crashes. This study evaluated the short-and long-term efficacy of the You Hold the Key (YHTK) Teen Driving Countermeasure. METHOD: A two-page survey was completed by high school students at pretest, posttest, and long-term (6-month) posttest. RESULTS: YHTK was associated with significant immediate and long-term improvements in teen seatbelt use, safe driving, and perceived confidence in preventing drunk driving. Compared to pretests, students at immediate and long-term posttest more frequently wore seatbelts when driving or riding, required passengers to wear seatbelts, and limited the number of passengers to the number of seatbelts in the vehicle. Students were more likely at both posttests to avoid drinking and driving and to say no to riding with a friend who had been drinking. SUMMARY: YHTK was associated with increases in safe teen driving and passenger behaviors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Success of YHTK is most notably due to its comprehensive nature. Future programs should consider comprehensive strategies when attempting to modify teen behaviors.     

Environmental evaluation for workplace violence in healthcare and social services

PROBLEM: Federal policy recommends environmental strategies as part of a comprehensive workplace violence program in healthcare and social services. The purpose of this project was to contribute specific, evidence-based guidance to the healthcare and social services employer communities regarding the use of environmental design to prevent violence. METHOD: A retrospective record review was conducted of environmental evaluations that were performed by an architect in two Participatory Action Research (PAR) projects for workplace violence prevention in 2000 and, in the second project in 2005. Ten facility environmental evaluation reports along with staff focus group reports from these facilities were analyzed to categorize environmental risk factors for Type II workplace violence. RESULTS: Findings were grouped according to their impact on access control, the ability to observe patients (natural surveillance), patient and worker safety (territoriality), and activity support. DISCUSSION: The environmental assessment findings reveal design and security issues that, if corrected, would improve safety and security of staff, patients, and visitors and reduce fear and unpredictability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Healthcare and social assistance employers can improve the effectiveness of violence prevention efforts by including an environmental assessment with complementary hazard controls.     

江西农田鼠害及其防治措施

农田鼠害是江西农业生物灾害中的主要灾种之一,它具有发生面积之、造成损失重、灾情越来越严重的特点,本文在回顾了江西农田鼠发生概况的基础上,简述了农田害鼠的种类、分布、主要特征及其发生发展规律,并从自然因素和人为因素等方面分析了鼠害成灾的主要原因,最后,提出了农田鼠害的防治措施。     

推行清洁生产 预防工业污染

推行清洁生产是环境保护政策政策的发展趋势,是协调经济发展与环境保护的重要对策。文章综述了末端治理存在的种种弊端,提出了实现清洁生产的主要途径。     

电石法生产聚氯乙烯行业危险废物判定要点分析

聚氯乙烯树脂是用途极广的热塑性高分子材料,然而,电石法生产聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)的过程中会产生大量的危险废物,如处置不当会对环境造成严重污染。本文对电石法生产聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)过程中产生危险废物的类型、环节和产生特性进行了分析,以供环保部门和相关企业作为针对危险废物环境管理的判定依据。     

A path analysis model for explaining unsafe behavior in workplaces: the effect of perceived work pressure

Background. Unsafe behavior is closely related to occupational accidents. Work pressure is one the main factors affecting employees’ behavior. The aim of the present study was to provide a path analysis model for explaining how work pressure affects safety behavior. Methods. Using a self-administered questionnaire, six variables supposed to affect safety employees’ behavior were measured. The path analysis model was constructed based on several hypotheses. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed using both absolute and comparative fit indices. Results. Work pressure was determined not to influence safety behavior directly. However, it negatively influenced other variables. Group attitude and personal attitude toward safety were the main factors mediating the effect of work pressure on safety behavior. Among the variables investigated in the present study, group attitude, personal attitude and work pressure had the strongest effects on safety behavior. Conclusion. Managers should consider that in order to improve employees’ safety behavior, work pressure should be reduced to a reasonable level, and concurrently a supportive environment, which ensures a positive group attitude toward safety, should be provided. Replication of the study is recommended.