Impact of environmental factors on gastric cancer: A review of the scientific evidence, human prevention and adaptation

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in prevalence and third in fatalities, and shows a distinct geographical distribution in morbidity and mortality. Such a spatial pattern indicates that environmental factors could be an important contributor to GC. We reviewed a total of 135 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other literature published 1936–2019 to investigate the scientific evidence concerning the effects of environmental factors on GC worldwide. Environmental factors affect GC from the aspects of water, soil, air, radiation, and geology. Risk factors identified include water type, water pollution, water hardness, soil type, soil pollution, soil element content, climate change, air pollution, radiation, altitude, latitude, topography, and lithology; and most of them have an adverse impact on GC. Furthermore, we found that their effects followed five common rules: (1) the leading environmental factors that affect GC incidence and mortality vary by region, (2) the same environmental factors may have different effects on GC in different regions, (3) some different environmental factors have similar effects on GC in essence, (4) different environmental factors often interact to have combined or synergistic effects on GC, and (5) environmental factors can affect human factors to have an impact on GC. Environmental factors have a great impact on GC. Human beings may prevent GC by controlling carcinogenic factors, screening high-risk populations and providing symptomatic and rehabilitative treatments. Furthermore, adaptation measures are recommended to reduce GC risk on private and public levels. Future studies should transcend existing empirical studies to develop causal relationship models and focus on vulnerable population analysis.     

关于高校实训室开放的安全防护策略研究

为保障大学生在开放实训室独立开展创新实践活动中的安全,本文从"人防、物防、技防"3个范畴提出实训室开放的具体安全防护策略。其中,人防策略提出了以学生为主体的基于理论结合实操模式的实训室准入制度、教师为主导的指导和监管制度;物防侧重从实训室开放的制度保障、实训室文化、设备安全改造3方面给出防护策略;技防则将"互联网+"、"APP+"的现代技术融入在人防和物防策略中,使得三防相辅相成,进而为实训室开放与共享提供更为全面可行的防护策略,避免安全事故的发生。     

石油企业如何深入推进车队HSE标准化建设

标准化管理不仅是企业发展的内在需求也是企业适应市场的客观需要。本文基于石油企业车队现有的管理基础,探讨车队HSE标准化建设经验,通过着力抓好"基础管理-驾驶员管理-车辆管理-运行控制-应急管理"5个方面,深入推进车队标准化建设,建立交通运输风险防控长效机制。从实践情况来看,提升了企业交通安全管理水平,对企业的长远发展具有重大的现实意义。     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices of occupational risks in Colombian taxi drivers

Objective. The objective of this study was to learn about the health and safety strategies in a sample of taxi drivers in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 taxi drivers. A survey was used to identify the socio-demographic and working characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices according to their occupational risk. Results. Eighty-five percent of the workers labored 9–15?h/day. Of those who suffered accidents, 27% were not affiliated to an occupational risk administrator (p = 0.028). Of the workers who had a work-related accident, 58% considered that the use of a cell phone while driving would not always reduce their attention, 50% always used their seat belt and 7% took active breaks and wore their seat belt (p = 0.01). Conclusions. Within this group of taxi drivers, having or believing to possess knowledge regarding an occupational risk did not ensure that they had a safe attitude or safe working practices.     

Thermal runaway reaction for highly exothermic material in safe storage temperature

Highly exothermic materials have caused many serious accidents involving storage and transportation, due to being thermally reactive. The safe storage and management of these materials is still a critical problem in many countries. Our aim was to study the thermal hazard of thermal reactive materials, such as a propellant, by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) non-isothermal tests and isothermal tests, and then comparing the kinetic parameters by isothermal and non-isothermal of kinetics. The chosen approach was to obtain reliable thermal decomposition by a safe and effective method, which acquired the kinetic and safety parameters of storage conditions that could be applied as highly exothermic materials' reduction of loss prevention and energy potential for safer design during storage transport and processing operations.     

中国化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控研究

雨排系统是化工园区重要的基础设施,如果没有建立有效的环境风险防控体系,污染物有可能通过园区雨排系统排入外环境,造成重大环境影响.目前,中国已出台的有关化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控的政策法规缺少强制性和统一性,监管标准缺失导致环保部门缺乏行之有效的监管手段,园区规划阶段协同机制的不健全也增加了后期监管的难度.鉴于目前中国化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控方面存在的问题,建议国家和地方加快监管标准出台,强化相关政策的落实,优化园区雨排系统,实施分类、分级管控,同时加强企业的监管.     

An evaluation of four key methods for monitoring household waste prevention campaigns in the UK

Household waste prevention in England has been recognised in national strategy as a key component for future sustainable practice. To support the policy agenda, the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in England has funded an extensive programme of fundamental research in the area. The specific research aim reported on here, in this Defra funded project, was to trial and assess methods for monitoring and evaluating approaches detailed in the National Resource and Waste Forum (NRWF)’s Household Waste Prevention Toolkit. The methods that formed the basis for the four research Objectives for the project were: using pilot and control areas (core Objective), tracking waste arisings, measuring specific activities and declared awareness and behaviour surveys. A primary objective of this research was to quantify the direct waste tonnage impacts of implementing a targeted household waste campaign in Dorset County, UK. A key performance indicator chosen for this assessment was the weight of waste collected at the kerbside from households. In an area where a waste prevention campaign is well planned and implemented then reductions in household waste arisings in pilot areas can be in the region of 2% per annum. This method for monitoring can be used, in the hands of an expert project team, to communicate to the public the direct benefits of waste prevention. It was found that there are a wide range of factors that need to be taken into account in the UK, and that these had hitherto been given little prominence, such as careful matching of pilot and control areas – this proved problematical in this research. However, a range of techniques used to support the methods, e.g. doorstepping surveys and focus groups could not show clear attributable waste prevention impacts but their findings could be used to direct new future messages to the public. The most successful and measurable campaign activities that were revealed by evaluation were: mail preference registrations, Home composting and doorstepping. An expert evaluation of all major methods found that no clear preference was revealed as to which were the most useful. None of the methods were judged very poor neither very good, all had major issues about their use. Tracking waste arisings and focus groups were assessed to be the best techniques in terms of input effort to output value. It is likely that waste prevention teams for household waste will need very careful training in the cost-effective use of the NRWF Toolkit before they are competent to apply it to a given place; the issues are more complex than were first thought.     

九龙江北溪拟多甲藻水华防治与应急处置

2009年初以来,在福建省九龙江北溪的支流和干流连续发生了拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis penardii)水华。经检测,拟多甲藻水华没有明显的生物毒性,但其所形成的深褐色水色和轻微藻腥味对该流域的龙岩、漳州和厦门三城市的生产和生活是造成了一定的影响。研究结果表明,在甲藻水华的防治与应急处置过程中,必须进一步加强组织体系建设,明确各职能部门职责,并根据不同水域的实际情况和季节变化,采取相应的物理、化学和生物方法予以防治和应急处置。     

地震部门微博客应用探讨

通过政务微博客应用的实例分析,揭示其特征、效果及管理缺陷,然后探讨地震部门微博客面临的风险及风险防控,并提出应对方案,使其在地震灾害中更好地发挥传播效应,营造正面、积极的舆论氛围,更好地为防震减灾事业服务.