Environmental performance improvement for small and medium-sized slaughterhouses in Vietnam

Slaughtering cattle and pigs is good business nowadays in Vietnam and in Ho Chi Minh City alone there are already 42 slaughter units. Though slaughtering has for a long time been considered a low-technology operation and thus not the sort of subject to be taken seriously by researchers, the recent increase of public awareness on environmental problems caused by this activity however attracts more attention. This article provides an analysis of the environmental impacts caused by the small- and medium-sized slaughterhouses in the Ho Chi Minh City and describes the shortcomings and causes of its present poor environmental performance and management. The main environmental problems caused by the small- and medium-sized slaughterhouses are the uncontrolled use of ground water and the discharge of untreated wastewater with high concentrations of organics including animal feces and blood, parasite eggs and pathogenic bacteria that might easily contaminate the receiving environment and endanger human health. The article concludes that the application of a pollution-prevention concept is crucial to improve the environmental performance of small- and medium-sized slaughterhouses in Vietnam.     

国内外石油化工行业事故预警预防管理对比研究

介绍了发达国家在事故调查、分析、研究、预警和预防管理方面的先进做法,对比分析了我国石油化工行业在这些方面存在的差距,提出了针对性的建议措施。     

煤层自燃火区温度检测技术的研究与应用

在煤矿自燃火区的治理过程中 ,同位素测氡法探测煤层自燃火源精确位置是火区治理的关键技术 ,而火区温度信息的采集为灭火方案及灭火参数提供可靠依据。笔者介绍了综合利用火源位置精确探测技术与火区温度探测技术的方法 ,为煤矿火区的预测预报提供了可靠的手段 ,节省大量的防灭火资金 ,提高防灭火工作效率。     

Seaborne Petrochemical Spill Analysis Within the United States, 1992–1999

Through discussion of causative factors and examination of historical data, petrochemical spill prevention in US waters is reviewed. Unintentional petrochemical outflow is analyzed in a comprehensive manner and presented as a hierarchical sequence of antecedent events to reveal the trends of causative factors leading to release. Specifically, a seaborne petrochemical spill is examined in terms of four basic, antecedent events: (1) an underway source, (2) a failure incident, (3) a marine accident capable of breaching the hull and cargo block, and (4) the onset of outflow. These events are further subdivided into underlying, contributing events to form a causative framework for spill prevention. While a hierarchical review is not necessary to uncover the elements of causation, it does provide a comprehensive and logical structure that clearly defines these elements in terms of occurrence frequency and contribution to resulting outflow. It is found that relatively small, frequent spills less than 40,000 liters (10,567 gallons), attributable to human operator failures, leading to grounding, and cargo transfer system failure accidents, dominate US seaborne petrochemical outflow from 1992 to 1999. Given the frequency of groundings, structural reinforcement regulations such as those contained in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (requiring double hulls) appear well justified. However, passive restraint systems are secondary to the need for vigilant training and licensing of tank vessel operators.     

四川省境内核工业放射性废物污染的潜在危险及防治对策

本文通过对四川省境内核工业放射性废物污染的潜在危险分析，提出了污染的对策。     

国家环评新要求对油气生产建设的影响分析

介绍了国家近年来颁布的法律法规对建设项目环境评价提出的新要求,分析了油气生产建设面临的环境评价压力与挑战,并提出相应的措施和建议。     

海军航空装备腐蚀防护与控制管理架构设想

目的研究海军航空装备腐蚀防护与控制管理架构。方法从海军航空装备防腐蚀实际需求出发,通过分析美军装备腐蚀管理情况,根据装备全寿命过程各阶段特点和海军航空装备的管理分工情况进行研究。结果提出了一种将海军航空装备腐蚀防护与控制分为两个大的阶段进行管理的体系架构设想,以及设立三个强化腐蚀管理机构的管理方案。结论研究提出的管理架构针对性更强、要求更加明确,有利于提高海军航空装备腐蚀防护与控制管理效益。     

拜耳法赤泥的物化特性及污染防控措施研究

为较为全面掌握不同温度条件下拜耳法赤泥的基本物化特性,进而提出相应的污染防控措施。通过XRD、高温煅烧、微观结构扫描等试验手段,得到了该种赤泥在不同温度条件下的矿物组成、微观结构、水分赋存形式以及相应的矿物质演变规律。通过试验结果可知,拜耳法赤泥是一种高含水量、强持水性、低胀缩性的特殊土体,所含矿物质在高温条件下会产生明显的结晶现象。干燥拜耳法赤泥本身的污染性较小,可评价为II类一般固体废物。赤泥内所含水分与硅酸盐水泥水化产物中C-S-H凝胶中水分的存在状态大致相同,长期堆放过程中所产生的渗滤液是一种危害较大的污染物,可评价为危险性废弃物。针对这些研究结果,提出了初步的污染防控措施。     

上海某饮用水源地富营养化及防治建议研究

在2010年至2012年进行的上海某水源地水质监测资料的基础上,着重分析了该水源地2011年1月至10月总磷、总氮等多个分析因子的季节变化规律及点位分布状况,得出该水源地水库水体总磷及溶解氧浓度均符合国家相关标准,但总氮超过相应类别的标准;水体中的总磷、总氮、水温、光照条件、叶绿素a、溶解氧、透明度等是影响水体富营养化的重要环境因子;水源地的水质在温度低于20℃的春、秋、冬三季藻类爆发的可能性较低,但温度较高的夏季,具有藻类爆发的可能性等结论。从而反映了该水源地的富营养化现状及对市民饮用水影响的重大意义,并提出了防治建议。     

建筑施工噪声污染防治对策探讨研究

目前,噪声污染已经对人们的生活和环境造成了严重的影响,研究者们已经将噪声污染源的查找和噪声污染的防治作为了噪声污染研究的重点内容。本文在探讨噪声的危害、建筑施工噪声污染的特点及污染现状的基础上,对导致噪声污染的相关性原因进行综合剖析,进而在此基础上提出针对性的防治对策,以此来促进建筑施工环境的改善,削弱建筑施工噪声污染对人们生活和工作的干扰,保证建筑施工的文明和科学,实现建筑事业的快速发展。