陕西省林火灾害及预防对策

应用陕西省5大林区9a火灾个例及相关资料，分析得出陕西省林火的时空分布规律，火源特点，林火造成的灾害，林火发生发展的影响因子，并提出了相应的森林防火对策。     

古建筑保护中的防灾减灾问题综论

通过对国内外城市环境设计及古建筑保护问题的分析，归纳了一些可供借鉴的防灾设计手法，并将古建筑保护问题拓展到倍受关注的城市减灾规划中。探讨了当今城市系统减灾规划中的若干关键问题。     

用泥石流灾害信息网络减轻泥石流对列车的威胁

提出建立铁路泥石流灾害信息网络的设想，以便在泥石流形成和发生的各个阶段，较准确地作出是否让列车过桥的决定。文中对网络的背景、组成、工作原理及开发中应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

关于土木基础设施系统的基础研究

论述了土木基础设施系统对社会经济发展和人民生活质量提高所起的重要作用,总结了国内外土木基础设施系统的现状和研究趋势,指出了针对我国基础设施建设和更新改造中的重大科学问题开展多学科交叉研究的重要意义。同时建议重点开展以下几方面的研究：１．土木基础设施系统性能检测与寿命评估技术;２．土木基础设施系统的防灾减灾研究;３．材料性能研究;４．土木基础设施系统的维修和更新改造技术开发;５．土工技术基础问题研究     

高纯二氧化锆生产过程中污染的防治

对高纯二氧化锆的生产工艺进行了改革,采用了新型反应器及胶凝除硅,直接酸溶重结晶,直接煅烧等技术,降低了原材料消耗及能耗,减少了废液排放量,并将回收的废物加工成副产品白炭黑,实现了在生产过程中防治污染。     

What Is Source Reduction? A Critique and Comparative Analysis of Polish and American Students

/ Source reduction is recognized as the preferred form of waste management, but its definition is ambiguous. This study proposes four underlying dimensions of the source reduction concept. Source reduction is foremost a preventive activity that reduces the number or extent of environmental impacts. Second, source reduction can prevent both resource consumption and pollution generation impacts. Third, source reduction may be viewed as both a producer and consumer activity. Lastly, it may include frugal and more efficient activities. In surveys exploring these fourdimensions, Polish and American university students evaluated whether 20 activities were examples of source reduction. The American students gave higher ratings to preventive activities over adaptive activities. The Polish students most prominently rated efficient over frugal activities. Factor analysis indicated that both samples identified a group of consumer-based resource conservation activities, with the American students recognizing a cluster of recycling activities. In a separate ranking of environmental protection priorities, the Polish students endorsed pollution prevention, whereas the American students favored both efficient and frugal resource conservation. These findings suggest that the conceptualization of source reduction varies according to contextual factors and that prevention is still an obscure environmental management theme. KEY WORDS: Source reduction; Pollution prevention; Resource conservation; Frugality; Poland     

The effects of flooding upon buildings in developing countries

The genera] effects of flooding on buildings and structural materials in developing countries are comprehensively reviewed. The aim of the paper is to stimulate further field based research as to how and what type of building improvements can be introduced, given the prevailing economic and cultural constraints of many communities, and to examine the appropriateness of floodproofing measures in developing countries where there are often few floodplain management or large scale flood prevention schemes. Proposals are suggested as to the method and type of information which is required for detailed studies prior to developing new and more effective building designs.     

层次分析法在铁路机务安全评价中的应用

层次分析法是一种将难于定量化的复杂问题 ,逐层分解为一系列可定量化的简单问题 ,从而进行较简单求解的数学方法 ,该方法是一种常用的系统分析、系统评价方法。笔者在介绍了层次分析法的原理和方法的基础上 ,通过一实例 ,探讨和应用层次分析法在考察和系统分析某铁路机务安全管理四类主要影响因素后 ,对其进行了综合安全评价     

全球定位系统和常规仪器远距离边坡监测及预报系统的应用

介绍了最近由香港理工大学开发的边坡自动化监测系统,阐述了该监测系统在实际边坡的监测中的有关问题。监测结果表明,该系统使用方便,工作稳定可靠,可实时监测到边坡的一些重要参数,进而用来预测边坡的稳定状况。     

工程爆破中防灾减灾与防护工程研究的几个主要问题

通过对防灾减灾工程与防护工程的任务、研究内容和狭义与广义上的工程爆破灾害范畴的理解,论述了工程爆破中灾害防治与安全防护研究方面已取得的主要成果;根据工程爆破的特点与爆破安全技术发展趋势,论述了工程爆破中防灾减灾工程与防护工程应重点研究的几个主要课题以及解决这些课题的研究方法与思路。