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141.
142.
Wei Chen Siva Thanapal Kalyan Annamalai R. James Ansley 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(13):1380-1387
Biomass gasification is being considered as one of the most promising technologies for converting low-quality solid biomass fuel into gaseous fuel. Redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii), one of the woody species that dominate uncultivated lands in the southern great plains, USA, may have a great potential for bioenergy utilization. In this study, the results of gasification of juniper are presented. Juniper wood chips were gasified in an adiabatic fixed bed updraft gasifier using air and the mixture gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen (CO2:O2) as gasification medium. The effect of gasification parameters such as moisture contents, gasification mediums, and gasification temperature on produced gas properties and the tar yield were investigated. It was observed that oxy fuel gasification (the reaction of woody fuels with carbon dioxide) of juniper resulted in the increase of production of carbon monoxide, especially at higher peak gasification temperatures. As a result, the CO2 gasification resulted in producing higher heating value gas (6264 kJ/nm3 with dilution of CO2 and 19,750 kJ/nm3 inert free) compared to air gasification. For air gasification, it was observed that the updraft gasification produced large amount of the tar in the product gas (more than 100 g/nm3) for the fuels with moisture content between 6% and 11%. Generally, the tar yield increased with the increase of equivalence ratio (er) and moisture content. However, when the fuel moisture content reached 23.5%, the tar yield reduced significantly due low gasification temperature which reduced the less tar cracking. 相似文献
143.
平流层中的硫酸盐气溶胶在地球能量循环和全球气候变化中发挥着关键性作用.基于自主开发的矢量辐射传输模型,重点研究对流层气溶胶类型、平流层气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、太阳天顶角(SZA)和地表反照率等对平流层硫酸盐气溶胶辐射强迫和大气加热速率等辐射效应的影响.结果表明,对流层无气溶胶时,平流层气溶胶在大气顶层(TOA)的辐射强迫为-15.80 W·m-2,地气系统的冷却效应最大.对流层气溶胶为黑碳时,平流层气溶胶在大气底层(BOT)的辐射强迫最小,为-47.53 W·m-2,地表冷却最大.同时,平流层硫酸盐的辐射强迫导致对流层降温,平流层升温,在模拟条件下,最大升温可达0.6 K·d-1.此外,结果还表明,平流层硫酸盐辐射强迫对AOD、SZA和地表反照率均具有很高的敏感性.平流层气溶胶在TOA和BOT的辐射强迫随AOD的增大呈线性减小趋势,但随地表反照率的增大呈线性增大趋势.AOD和SZA的增大会强化辐射强迫的作用效果,但地表反照率的增大可能会改变辐射强迫的正负,导致平流层硫酸盐对地气系统的作用效果从冷却变为加热. 相似文献
144.
2种改性活性炭对甲苯吸附性能的对比研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
利用微波、电炉加热对活性炭进行改性,并测定了改性前后不同种类活性炭对甲苯的吸附性能、表面酸碱官能团含量以及比表面积.结果表明,对于微波改性,随着改性温度升高,活性炭对甲苯的吸附量逐渐增大,表面碱性官能团含量也相应增加,比表面积相应减小.改性温度850℃时活性炭吸附甲苯性能最高,650℃与450℃改性后活性炭吸附甲苯的性能相差不大.电加热改性也具有类似的趋势,但对甲苯的吸附性能总体低于微波改性.扫描电镜表征显示,热改性去除了活性炭孔道内的杂质,使活性炭内部孔道更加通畅,有利于提高吸附甲苯的能力,但温度升高同样存在炭骨架收缩,孔道变窄的弊端.微波加热和电炉加热在原理和热传递方向上的不同.是导致改性结果之间差别的关键问题. 相似文献
145.
为探讨采暖季和非采暖季大气颗粒物中有机标识组分的粒径分布特征,识别其来源,于2018年5月至2019年4月在天津采集分粒径颗粒物,利用GC-MS对9个粒径段颗粒物中17种多环芳烃(PAHs)、20种正构烷烃(n-Alkanes)和7种藿烷(hopanes)进行分析,并通过有机标识物及特征比值的方法探讨其主要来源.结果表明:非采暖季的四环多环芳烃Pyr、Ba A、Chr和五环多环芳烃BbF、Ba P呈3峰分布,其余PAHs呈双峰分布,采暖季的低环PAHs呈双峰分布,中高环PAHs近似单峰分布.根据PAHs特征比值发现,非采暖季的燃煤源和交通源是PAHs的主要贡献源,采暖季PAHs受燃煤源的影响更显著.非采暖季的正构烷烃中C29呈单峰分布,C27、C31、C32和C33近似单峰分布,其余正构烷烃呈双峰分布,采暖季的正构烷烃均呈双峰分布.根据正构烷烃碳优势指数(CPI)和主碳峰数(Cmax)发现,人为源是正构烷烃的主要来源,非采暖季受自然源的影响大于采暖季,自然源排放的正构烷烃倾向于富集在粗颗粒物上,人为源排放的正构烷烃则更倾向于富集在细颗粒物上.藿烷在粗粒径段和细粒径... 相似文献
146.
从生命周期的角度出发,以1m2房屋每日的供热量为基准,对散煤采暖,电锅炉,低温空气源热泵,燃气壁挂炉,热电联产集中供热,燃气锅炉集中供热,洁净型煤等7种采暖方式的生命周期污染物排放和能源利用效率进行对比分析.结果发现:相比散煤取暖,清洁采暖方式可有效地降低大气污染物排放量,尤其是PM10和PM2.5.其中,以天然气为热源的燃气锅炉集中供热和燃气壁挂炉最为清洁,可减排SO2和NOx 85%左右,减排PM10和PM2.5 99%左右;洁净型煤和电锅炉的减排效率相对较低.低温空气源热泵和热电联产集中供热对能源利用效率最高,可达到80%以上,而电锅炉仅30%左右.此外,改善建筑围护结构保温性能可有效降低农村地区采暖的大气污染物排放. 相似文献
147.
148.
149.
Rui Yue Zhikang Chen Liujun Liu Lipu Yin Yicheng Qiu Xianhui Wang Zhicheng Wang Xuhui Mao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):147
150.
Laboratory and field studies were conducted in order to determine the leaching potential of eight pesticides commonly used during pepper cultivation by use of disturbed soil columns and field lysimeters, respectively. Two soils with different organic matter content (soils A and B) were used. Additionally, soil B was amended with compost (sheep manure). The tested compounds were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, endosulfan, malathion and tolclofos-methyl. In soil B (lower organic matter content), only endosulfan sulphate, malathion and tolclofos-methyl were found in leachates. For the soil A (higher organic matter content) and amended soil B, pesticide residues were not found in the leachates. In addition, this paper reports on the use of common agronomic practices (solarization and biosolarization) to enhance degradation of these pesticides from polluted soil A. The results showed that both solarization and biosolarization enhanced the degradation rates of endosulfan, bifenthrin and tolclofos-methyl compared with the control. Most of the studied pesticides showed similar behavior under solarization and biosolarization conditions. However, chlorpyrifos was degraded to a greater extent in the solarization than in biosolarization treatment. The results obtained point to the interest in the use of organic amendment in reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage and in the use of solarization and biosolarization in reducing the persistence of pesticides in soil. 相似文献