国外热防护服装性能测试技术标准研究

热防护服是热环境下人体安全防护的主要装备,其标准的科学性和系统性对热环境下的人体安全防护具有重要的支持作用.国外对热防护服相关的技术标准予以充分重视,以性能测试技术方法为主体,建立了较为科学、完善的标准,并体现出新的发展趋势.通过对国外热防护服技术标准的调研,总结性能测试标准的共性内容,包括主要性能测试方法、实验设备、实验步骤、烧伤评估、人体模型和测试报告等.整套防护服装的性能测试技术及标准是研究的重点,出汗暖体假人将在防护服装性能测试领域被更为广泛的应用.最后,提出我国研制热防护服性能测试技术标准的建议.     

气田增压机组烟气余热利用技术

综述国内外烟气余热利用技术的研究及应用现状,主要包括热能直接回收、吸收式制冷、有机朗肯循环和温差发电等方式。结合气田开采实际,分析讨论各类余热利用技术在气田增压机组烟气余热利用中的应用潜力和发展方向。在选择余热利用方案时,应结合气田增压机组现有条件、机组性能以及运行模式等因素进行综合评估。     

Solar Assisted Small-Scale Biomass District Heating System in the Northern Part of Sweden

Abstract

This article presents a case study of a projected solar assisted biomass district heating system in the north of Sweden. It is generally known that a biomass district heating system combined with solar heat brings many important benefits. The most common system solution is to install a heat store and a large solar collector field near the heating central. No plant of this type is however in operation in the northern part of Sweden. The main reason for this is that the solar irradiation at these latitudes is very low when the demand for heat is high. Solar heat could however be useful during summer in order to generate hot tap water. One problem is that the heat losses, calculated as percentage of the delivered heat, become very large during these months. This article presents the idea of allowing the connected households to generate their own hot tap water using solar collectors and heat stores installed in each house. The district heating network can therefore be closed in summer, which eliminates the heat losses outside the heating period. A case study of a projected plant has been carried out and it is shown that it is possible to reduce the heat losses by 20% compared to a conventional system. This idea also provides many other important technical and economic benefits.     

A Mechanistic Model Describing the Degradation of Polymers

This study examined the cooperative effects of diffusion and reaction on the degradation of a polymer. The work was intended to describe bulk degradation processes, where the polymer volume remains nearly constant. Test coupons made from poly (2-ethyl 2-oxazoline) were immersed in water for controlled durations. The coupons were weighed before and after immersion in the wet and dried condition. The coupons were observed to gain weight for short immersion durations. At longer durations the weight change became negative as the solvent reacted with and dissolved the polymer. An average solvent concentration was found from the weight measurements. Fick’s law was used to express the increase in concentration while a first order reaction law was used to represent the decrease in concentration of the solvent. The competing changes in concentration were combined from which the net solvent concentration at any given time was obtained. The model was compared with the experimental measurements using coupons of various thicknesses. The model was found to describe the observed polymer degradation in water including thickness effects.     

Justified Predictions about New (Different) Species Confirm the Theory

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

石化废水污泥实用焚烧处置技术

介绍了石化废水污泥焚烧处理的工艺流程、主要影响因素,分析了该项技术的优缺点。     

系留气球整流罩散热数值仿真

目的解决系留气球整流罩散热设计问题。方法通过建立三维几何和离散模型,利用FLUENT开展热-流数值仿真计算,结合编制UDF同时实现整流罩外部对流、外部太阳辐射和内部对流、内部红外辐射和内部热源的实时耦合计算(双向耦合)。筛选环境最严酷状态(风速、温度和太阳辐射),对系留气球整流罩在3000 m和6000 m高度的散热性能进行分析。结果按最严酷状态进行分析后,在3000 m和6000 m工作高度,必须引入外界空气向整流罩内强制通风对流,才能保证任务设备工作环境要求。升空后,由于环境温度下降,整流罩散热增加,任务设备(雷达)散热所需引入外界通风量减少。3000 m^-3 m/s工况下,在整流罩进气口质量流量为1.0 kg/s时,整流罩内部维持在39~40℃;6000 m^-3 m/s工况下,在整流罩进气口质量流量为0.5 kg/s时,整流罩内部维持在25.5~26℃。整流罩上强制通风进气口应布设在任务设备发热部件下方,同时在整流罩上部和后部开设专用排气口,保证整流罩内部空气流通。结论双向耦合计算方法可快速获取系留气球整流罩在各状态条件下的散热详情,为整流罩散热设计及内部任务设备的热设计提供详实设计依据,相比工程估算和单向耦合更加贴近实际状态,计算精度更高。双向耦合计算方法和仿真数据可为同类型系留气球整流罩散热设计提供参考。     

焚烧法和厌氧消化法处理制革污泥中热值、硫、铬的比较

焚烧法和厌氧消化法都是利用制革污泥中热量的有效方法。比较两种方法所产生的热量,以及污泥处理过程中向大气排放的硫和铬,同时对铬的迁移作了初步的讨论。试验表明:焚烧法产生的热量多于厌氧消化方法,而厌氧消化方法中硫以及重金属铬的排放量明显小于焚烧法。     

池火灾热辐射计算及模拟

在油罐火灾中,着火罐所释放的热辐射对附近的人员以及设备造成一定的危害,分别采用经验公式以及FDS模拟来计算热辐射强度,并对计算结果进行比较及分析,结果表明两种方法可互相补充完善。     

城市污水中的热能回收及利用研究

对沈阳市目前运行的7座污水处理厂及污水特征参数进行了论述和推算,以北部污水处理厂为例,结合沈阳城市污水源热泵系统规划,通过调查分析供暖企业的燃煤现状及供暖情况,推算出了采用污水供暖取代燃煤供暖后的环境效益和经济效益,并对沈阳建立污水源热泵系统面临的问题提出了对策和建议。