Kinetics and isotherms of Neutral Red adsorption on peanut husk

Adsorption of Neutral Red (NR) onto peanut husk in aqueous solutions was investigated at 295 K. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Toth isotherm models. The results indicated that the Toth and Langmuir models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of peanut husk for the removal of NR was deter...     

Biosorption of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions on base treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder: kinetics, isotherm, and biosorption mechanisms

The effciency of sodium hydroxide treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder (NHBL) for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The e?ects of physicochemical parameters on biosorption capacities such as stirring speed, pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of copper, and ionic strength were studied. The biosorption capacities of NHBL increased with increase in pH, stirring speed and copper concentration but decreased with increase in biosorbent dose and ionic strength...     

环境监测数据线性回归分析中回归模型的比较

应用偏重于优化因变量拟合效果的最小二乘回归分析法对环境监测随机数据样本进行数值评估原则上是不可取的。文章以降水无机阴阳离子电荷平衡分析为例,对最小二乘法、压轴回归法和最小正交平方和法的回归分析结果进行了比较。结果表明,压轴回归分析法适合于处理随机数据样本,得到的回归系数b值较大,变量之间的数值变化关系较为密切。     

Biological transformation, kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure

Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other environment.Thus,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to MK.In this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been demonstrated.Trout were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g fish...     

地浸井场外围含水层砂岩对铀的吸附行为

天然含水层介质对铀的吸附是地下水铀天然衰减的决定因素.然而,人们对天然含水层砂岩吸附铀行为的认识相当有限.因此,本文采用静态实验及数值模拟相结合的方法研究了地浸井场外围砂岩对铀的吸附行为,探究了天然砂岩对溶液中铀的吸附动力学和等温吸附特征,研究了铀初始浓度、pH、其他离子种类与浓度对铀吸附的影响.结果表明,准二级动力学方程与Freundlich等温吸附模型可以更好地表征砂岩对铀的吸附行为;随着溶液中铀初始浓度的增大,砂岩对水溶液中铀的吸附量增大,吸附率减小;在初始pH=3时,铀的吸附率达到最大,为77%;砂岩对溶液中铀的吸附率会随反应体系中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、HCO^-₃等离子浓度的升高而下降,4种共存离子对该吸附过程抑制能力的顺序为:SO₄^2-2+2+-₃.这些研究结果可为地浸...     

纳米γ-Fe2O3对汞离子的吸附行为研究

为了研究用于含汞离子废水处理的新型高效材料,研究了纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附行为。探讨pH值(3、8和12)、温度(288 K、298 K、308 K、318 K)和离子强度(Ca²⁺,0.001 mol/L、0.01 mol/L、0.1 mol/L)对该吸附的影响。使用吸附动力学方程(拉格朗日准一级、准二级)和等温吸附方程(Langmuir和Freundlich)分别对吸附数据进行拟合,并讨论吸附机理。结果表明:pH值为3、8、12时,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附动力学方程符合准二级动力学模型(R2=0.997~0.999);288 K、298 K、308 K、318 K时,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附过程更符合Langmuir吸附模型(R²=0.970~0.995),并且随温度升高,吸附量增加;在不同pH值下,纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对汞离子的吸附等温式可使用Langmuir模式(R²=0.983~0.996)进行表征,随p H值降低,吸附量减少,中性环境有利于吸附;在不同Ca²⁺浓度下,可用Langmuir等温吸附式拟合(R²=0.990~0.996)。通过Langmuir等温吸附式推算出最大吸附量随Ca²⁺浓度增加而减少。     

An investigation of flammability limits of gaseous mixtures at reduced pressures

An experimental investigation of flammability limits of hydrogen, methane and propane in air and oxygen at reduced pressures was carried out. A slow influence of sizes of an experimental vessel of a diameter higher than 125 mm on the flammability limits was revealed, but an influence of a type of an oxidizer (air or oxygen) and an ignition energy is significant. Critical values of an initial pressure for a possibility of a flame propagation were determined. The limiting values of the ignition energy were determined, for which an elevation of this parameter does not influence the critical pressure and the flammability region. A qualitative interpretation of obtained experimental results is given, which is based on a peculiarities of a flame initiation.     

Self-ignition in stone wool insulation contaminated with fatty acid (fundamentals,case study,analysis methodology)

A combination of a residual film of flammable organic substance, air and porous structures like insulation material (e.g. stone wool) may result in a fire. The initiating self-heating process depends on the substance (reactivity, volatility), amount of accumulated liquid, volume and temperature. Specific information is given for application and extension of the Thomas criterion with a 2nd order reaction. The experimental part includes new experimental techniques to determine heat transfer and formal reaction kinetic data. The applied self-ignition temperature (SIT) simulation model relies on liquid film volume and not on liquid film surface reaction. As a further result of the studies detailed working procedure of three simplified methodologies for estimation of SITs in technical scale are presented. New techniques to determine parameters necessary for SIT prediction, especially in combination with Methodology III, have the power to reduce the costs for estimating the SIT up to 80%.     

土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸研究进展

汞污染一直是全球备受关注的问题,由于土壤是环境汞的源和汇,因此已经开展了大量相关的研究工作。本论文系统总结了土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸特征的研究现状,综述了不同类型土壤汞的背景含量,以及汞在土壤中的赋存形态,分析了土壤汞吸附特征及几种典型的土壤吸附剂（粘土矿物、铁锰氧化物、硫化物和土壤有机质）对汞吸附的作用机制。     

A detailed kinetic investigation on the effects of hydrogen enrichment on the performance of gas-fueled SI engine

This study investigates the effects of hydrogen enrichment on formation of pollutants and greenhouse gases in gas-fueled spark ignition engines. To this end, a previously validated detailed mechanism is embedded with a comprehensive one-dimensional engine model and the results are verified with experimental observations at different compression ratios and engine loads. The simulations are then performed for different mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas. The results indicate that adding hydrogen increases the cylinder peak pressure at different loads and compression ratios, despite the fact that reduces the amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane in all the conditions.