高温后足尺有粘结预应力混凝土梁板力学性能研究

针对足尺有粘结预应力混凝土梁板高温后的抗弯承栽力开展了非线性计算分析。结果表明,综合配筋指标、有效预应力对高温后极限弯矩与常温下极限弯矩比值M_u~A/M_u的影响不大,预应力度和预应力筋的保护层厚度对M_u~A/M_u影响显著。高宽比近似相同的有粘结预应力混凝土梁,当第一排钢筋的保护层厚度相同时,受火时间为3 h,高度为700 mm的梁高温后截面承栽力下降幅度最大约为30%,高度为4500 mm的梁高温后截面承栽力下降幅度不到10%,高温后大尺度梁的力学性能优于小尺度梁。给出了考虑预应力筋保护层厚度和预应力度影响的有粘结预应力混凝土板M_u~A/M_u的计算公式,以及综合考虑预应力筋、非预应力筋合力点到梁底距离和预应力筋梁侧保护层厚度影响的有粘结预应力混凝土梁M_u~A/M_u的计算公式。     

掺固硫灰AC-13型沥青混合料配合比设计

固硫灰是循环流化床锅炉燃煤固硫产生的废弃物,具有自硬性、火山灰活性和膨胀性等特性,若以其替代矿粉制备沥青混合料并用于道路工程建设中,将有望为固硫灰处理处置提供新途径。选用固硫灰做填料等量替代普通矿粉,通过马歇尔实验研究固硫灰不同替代量(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)对AC-13型沥青混合料性能的影响,并对机理进行了分析。结果表明,掺固硫灰沥青混合料在一定油石比范围内均能满足现行规范要求,与普通矿粉沥青混合料相比,掺固硫灰沥青混合料水稳定性良好,压实度相同时,掺固硫灰沥青混合料具有更好的抗车辙性。     

Use of wastes derived from earthquakes for the production of concrete masonry partition wall blocks

Utilization of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes as recycled aggregates in the production of concrete and concrete products have attracted much attention in recent years. However, the presence of large quantities of crushed clay brick in some the C&D waste streams (e.g. waste derived collapsed masonry buildings after an earthquake) renders the recycled aggregates unsuitable for high grade use. One possibility is to make use of the low grade recycled aggregates for concrete block production. In this paper, we report the results of a comprehensive study to assess the feasibility of using crushed clay brick as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete masonry block production. The effects of the content of crushed coarse and fine clay brick aggregates (CBA) on the mechanical properties of non-structural concrete block were quantified. From the experimental test results, it was observed that incorporating the crushed clay brick aggregates had a significant influence on the properties of blocks. The hardened density and drying shrinkage of the block specimens decreased with an increase in CBA content. The use of CBA increased the water absorption of block specimens. The results suggested that the amount of crushed clay brick to be used in concrete masonry blocks should be controlled at less than 25% (coarse aggregate) and within 50-75% for fine aggregates.     

DEVELOPING CONFIDENCE IN CONCRETE REVETMENT PRODUCTS FOR BANK STABILIZATION1

ABSTRACT: There is a need to provide flood protection while maintaining stable bed and bank conditions in the riverine system, to stabilize earth embankment dams and spiliways, and to stabilize highway or railway embankments and levee systems. One approach to providing erosion protection and stabilization of channel banks, embankments and spill conveyances is with articulated concrete block systems. Numerous articulated concrete block systems are available for bank stabilization. However, prior to field installations few means are available to evaluate how well these block systems perform. To assist the designer in predicting site specific suitability, a series of hydraulic testing protocols have been developed to analyze block system performance. Two articulated block system testing protocols are presented to indicate how block hydraulic characteristics may be determined and provide performance assurance to both the designer and the owner.     

ARTICULATED CONCRETE BLOCK STABILITY TESTING1

ABSTRACT: An articulated concrete block revetment system was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to test and evaluate the practicability of the protocols for overtopping and channelized flow conditions. Test facilities were constructed, prototype articulated concrete blocks were fabricated and installed into the facilities, and the blocks were tested using the established protocols. The test results indicated that both the overtopping and channel flow tests yielded similar results: the blocks reached a point of instability at approximately the same velocity and shear stresses. The similar test results indicate that only one protocol is required to evaluate an articulated concrete block system. It was demonstrated that both protocols can be effectively conducted. It is recommended that the overtopping test be adapted as a standard test procedure because of its reduced construction costs and its efficiency compared to the channelized test.     

火灾下钢管混凝土柱的耐火极限有限元分析

为研究将轻骨料混凝土作为防火保护层对钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的影响以及保护层厚度实用计算方法,采用有限元方法确定高温下钢管混凝土柱的温度场,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立钢管混凝土柱的耐火极限模型,分析各参数对构件耐火极限的影响程度,基于数值模拟计算结果,给出在火灾下钢管混凝土柱在工程常用范围内的抗火实用计算公式,将计算结...     

灰浆层对钢筋混凝土楼板耐火极限的影响

为保护钢筋混凝土结构不因受到高温影响使结构急剧丧失承载能力而倒塌,常采用增加灰浆层的办法。钢筋在混凝土与灰浆层保护层的包裹之内,可以缓解温度急剧上升。但典型灰浆层对钢筋混凝土的耐火极限的报道还不多。本文针对灰浆层对钢筋混凝土的耐火极限影响进行了试验研究。比较了增加灰浆层与不加抹灰层在耐火极限、烧损面、残余强度等方面的变化,讨论了灰浆层对结构防火的贡献。结果证明：钢筋在混凝土在灰浆层保护层的包裹之内,可以缓解温度急剧上升,保护层使建筑物有一定的耐火作用;增加钢筋混凝土结构构件的保护层厚度能够有效提高构件的耐火极限;混凝土砂浆保护层直接关系到混凝土结构的承载力,直接关系到混凝土结构的耐久性与耐火性。     

应变率对钢筋混凝土剪力墙动态性能的影响

采用有限元软件ABAQUS中的显示动力分析模块ABAQUS/Explicit,分别对钢筋混凝土剪力墙准静态和高应变率动力荷载作用下的响应进行了数值模拟;通过比较高应变率与准静态加载下的分析结果,探讨了地震作用下应变率对钢筋混凝土剪力墙动态性能的影响。研究结果表明,受应变率效应的影响,混凝土和钢筋的动态力学行为发生了变化,动力荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土剪力墙的承载能力有一定程度的提高,故在对钢筋混凝土结构进行抗震分析时,应适当考虑应变率效应。     

高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固钢筋混凝土板的抗爆性能数值分析

为研究高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固混凝土板的抗爆能力,用混凝土HJC动力本构模型,建立了混凝土板、炸药及考虑空气介质影响的流固耦合有限元计算模型。用动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对在爆炸荷载作用下加固前、后混凝土板的破坏形态和抗爆性能进行了数值分析。研究结果表明:混凝土板用高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固后,抗爆炸冲击能力明显提高。当小药量爆炸时,板顶、板底同时加固的效果明显优于板底单一加固;当药量较大时,板顶、板底同时加固的效果与板底单一加固相差不大。     

发展绿色高性能混凝土促进可持续发展(英文)

面对自然资源不断减少和环境污染日益严重的问题,普通混凝土已经不能很好地适应社会经济发展需要,人们对混凝土性能提出了更高要求。混凝土材料的发展须与保护环境、节约能源、节省资源综合考虑,协调发展。绿色高性能混凝土(GHPC)是近年发展起来的一种绿色、环保、符合我国可持续发展战略的新型建筑材料。本文介绍了绿色高性能混凝土的概念以及特征,分析了绿色混凝土的分类及目前的应用状况,进而提出了绿色混凝土尚存在的问题。明确地指出发展绿色高性能混凝土是混凝土材料可持续发展的必然方向。