钢筋混凝土箱型高墩双向拟静力试验研究

随着高墩大跨桥梁的广泛应用,其抗震问题也越来越突出。本文主要考虑轴压比、长细比的影响,进行了6个钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩缩尺模型的双向拟静力试验,以及反复荷载作用下的非线性分析。研究表明:①钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩柱在多维荷载共同作用下,主要发生典型的弯曲破坏,但剪切作用也不容忽视;②墩柱的破坏受到不同方向耦合作用的显著影响,尤其是抗弯刚度小的一侧受到的影响更大,较早就出现开裂,提前进入塑性发展阶段;③非线性有限元计算的滞回曲线、骨架曲线等与试验结果基本吻合;④建立了考虑轴压比、长细比影响的钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩的双向荷载—位移恢复力模型,该模型基本能够反映钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩的抗震性能,可供钢筋混凝土箱型高墩柱及高墩桥梁结构的抗震设计和动力计算参考。     

Environmental life cycle assessment of different types of the municipal wastewater pipeline network

With the onset of social life, humans have considered waste disposal as essential, and they have been able to repel it through brick and clay channels. Checking sewage pipes for energy consumption and a longer lifetime than other sewage system components is important. Climate change and exploitation of industrial resources have made environmental impacts, which are important factors in decision making. The purpose of this study was to introduce the most suitable type of sewage pipe considering environmental protection. Therefore, we applied the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method, using Sima Pro 8.2.3 software for the one-kilometer length of concrete pipes (300 mm in diameter), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) (315 mm in diameter). Also, the BEES method and sensitivity analysis were used to validate the results. The comparison between three types of municipal wastewater pipes indicated that PE pipes are a more environmentally friendly option than PVC, and concrete pipes in pipe recycling, reducing extraction from untapped resources, and inefficient extraction of resources. Electricity, diesel fuel, and sulfate resistance cement consumption for concrete production are the most pollution elements in the LCA of concrete pipes. Usage of PVC granular, sanitary landfill of PVC pipes, and using hydraulic drill in LCA of PVC pipes are the most elements of generating pollution. The usage of PE granules, PE pipes landfilling, hydraulic excavator, and electricity consumption in the LCA of the PE pipes are the greatest polluting parameters.     

基于力学机制的钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力模型∗

为了兼顾钢筋混凝土(RC)柱抗剪承载力分析的计算精度和简便性,研究建立了一种基于力学机制的RC柱抗剪承载力简化模型。首先基于变角桁架-拱模型理论,结合变角桁架模型的力平衡条件以及变角桁架模型和拱模型之间的变形协调条件,建立了RC柱抗剪承载力分析的理论模型;然后利用38组试验数据进行统计分析,分别确定了混凝土、箍筋和拱模型的抗剪承载力贡献系数近似取值,在此基础上建立了R C柱抗剪承载力分析的简化模型;最后通过与试验数据进行对比分析,验证了该模型的计算精度和适用性。分析结果表明,该模型不仅可以合理分析混凝土、箍筋和拱作用的抗剪承载力贡献,具有较高的计算精度,而且计算公式较为简洁。     

预应力RC梁抗火性能试验研究与有限元分析

为了考察预应力钢绞线张拉控制应力和梁的持荷水平两个因素对无粘结预应力混凝土梁抗火性能的影响,基于 ISO834标准升温曲线,对4根无粘结预应力混凝土梁进行恒载升温试验,同时应用ANSYS有限元软件建立无粘结预应力混 凝土梁有限元模型,进行恒载升温过程的有限元数值模拟。结果表明:有限元计算结果与试验结果符合较好;预应力钢 绞线张拉控制应力越大,预应力损失速度越快,梁变形速率越快,耐火性能越差;梁上作用荷载水平越高,跨中挠度越 大,变形速率越快,耐火极限越小。     

下向进路回采钢筋混凝土假顶稳定性分析

〗为确保下向进路采场高效安全回采,采用ABAQUS的损伤塑性模型对下向进路钢筋混凝土假顶进行稳定性分析,得到假顶的应力与位移分布规律,分别从假顶的应力分布、变形量对不同进路尺寸及假顶厚度的影响进行比较分析。结果表明,进路假顶产生的最大拉应力（089MPa）小于混凝土层的抗拉强度（127MPa）;最大压应力（416 MPa）小于混凝土层的抗压强度（119MPa）;假顶底部最易被拉裂位置为偏离假顶中央(05~1)m处;钢筋承载了大部分拉应力,受拉性能得到充分利用。在进路尺寸为3m×3m或者4m×3m时假顶厚度取06m,进路尺寸为4m×4m时假顶厚度取08m,假顶最大拉应力值均未超过混凝土的抗拉强度值,此时假顶较为稳定,便于进路维护与提高回采强度。研究结果对下向进路采场的安全生产提供技术保障。     

基坑工程边坡滑移事故分析及微型桩在加固补强中的应用

以某高层住宅楼深基坑浆喷桩 喷锚网支护部分土体失稳为例,分析了事故的原因,阐述了采用微型桩在工程抢险加固中的作用,为类似工程提供可借鉴的方法。     

工业和建筑固体废弃物再生研究

为了减轻我国的工业/建筑固体废弃物的污染压力,通过对工业和建筑固体废物、粉煤灰、水泥以及外加剂的组合配比实验,优化制作具有轻质高性能的混凝土建筑砌块的方法,并对所研制的混凝土砌块的强度和导热性能进行了测试,最终结果显示砌块性能良好。预计此类复合建筑材料可以在未来的市政建筑中发挥应有的作用。     

改性植被混凝土基材力学与植生试验研究

为探明羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)与麦秸秆纤维对植被混凝土基材力学与植生性能的影响,通过直剪试验、植生试验研究了改性后植被混凝土基材(简称改性基材)的抗剪性能与黑麦草生长性能.结果 表明:①改性基材的剪切强度随CMC掺量的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,0.5％CMC掺量时基材的剪切强度出现峰值,而随纤维掺量的增加改性基材剪切强...     

Mechanical performance and capillary water absorption of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC)

Disposal of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants is a serious environmental problem of increasing magnitude. Waste water treatment generates as much as 70 g of dry solids per capita per day. Although one of the disposal solutions for this waste is through incineration, still almost 30% of sludge solids remain as ash. This paper presents results related to reuse of sewage sludge ash in concrete. The sludge was characterised for chemical composition (X-ray flourescence analysis), crystalline phases (X-ray diffraction analysis) and pozzolanic activity. The effects of incineration on crystal phases of the dry sludge were investigated. Two water/cement (W/C) ratios (0.55 and 0.45) and three sludge ash percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) per cement mass were used as filler. The mechanical performance of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC) at different curing ages (3, 7, 28 and 90 days) was assessed by means of mechanical tests and capillary water absorption. Results show that sewage sludge ash leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength and to an increase in capillary water absorption. Results also show that SSAC with 20% of sewage sludge ash and W/C = 0.45 has a 28 day compressive strength of almost 30 MPa. SSAC with a sludge ash contents of 5% and 10% has the same capillary water absorption coefficient as the control concrete; as for the concrete mixtures with 20% sludge ash content, the capillary water absorption is higher but in line with C20/25 strength class concretes performance.     

Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry

The UK government has recognised the vital contribution that the construction industry has to play in contributing towards sustainable development. While the issue of hardened concrete waste has received considerable attention, process waste arising from the manufacture of ready-mixed concrete is relatively unexplored. It is apparent that initiatives such as the landfill tax have encouraged UK ready-mixed concrete manufacturers to reduce substantially the amount of waste they produce. Environmental pressures continue to increase and ready-mixed concrete producers are being forced towards a closed loop production system.