浅析企业一线岗位员工在节能减排中如何发挥作用

文章主要阐述了作为新世纪石油企业的一名石油工人,每个人都应该发挥主人翁的责任意识,积极响应国家号召,紧紧围绕"节能减排,科学发展"主题,结合企业实际,动员广大一线岗位员工多形式开展节能减排工作,为构建资源节约型、环境友好型企业而努力。     

文化对机组资源管理的影响

针对国内民航机组资源管理(CRM)及训练中忽视文化的作用和影响的现状,在调研和分析国外CRM与文化影响的基础上,笔者结合国内民航的运行特点,总结、分析了民族文化、组织文化,以及职业文化对机组协作与配合,CRM训练等方面的积极与消极影响,提出中国民航应根据自身的文化特点调整CRM训练的内容和实施方式,并应从3个层面采取措施来提高CRM及其训练的效果,即航空公司CRM训练的设计、实施与评估;飞机制造商在进行驾驶舱人-机界面设计,以及政府部门在对航空器进行适航审定时,应充分识别不同文化的差异、在强化各种文化类型积极影响的同时,努力降低或消除其消极影响。     

Cell absorption induced desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants from digested soil residue

Oral ingestion of contaminated soil is an important pathway of human exposure to hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), particularly for children in developing countries. The mobilization potential of various contaminants from ingested soil is often characterized using an in vitro gastrointestinal model, based on the quantities of contaminants remaining in digestive fluid after digestion and separation. Recently, it was experimentally demonstrated that a large fraction of mobilized contaminants sorbed on the digested residue could be released if the dissolved fraction was removed by intestinal absorption. This hypothesis was further tested in this study. Soil spiked with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDXs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was digested using an in vitro gastrointestinal model. A human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) was cultured in digestive fluid with or without soil residue (pre-equilibrated with the soil) for 2 h. A large proportion of the contaminants (37-68%) was sorbed on the digested residue. Without this residue, 66 ± 13% of DDXs and 73 ± 14% of PAHs dissolved in the fluid, as means and standard deviations, were absorbed by the cell monolayer after exposure. With both digestive fluid and residue, the sorbed fraction of PAHs and DDXs decreased by 38-92%, while the ratios of the cellular to the dissolved concentrations were 2.7-2.8 times higher than those without the residue. This supported the hypothesis that the cell absorption of dissolved HOCs induces desorption of the sorbed fraction from digestive residue, and the desorbed HOCs can be absorbed as well.     

Planning story lines in smart grid road maps (2010–2014): three types of maps for coordinated time travel

The roll-out of smart grids poses planning challenges that are typical for sustainable innovation in mature infrastructures. Most notably, planners encounter a high degree of complexity caused by multiple interacting scalar and temporal layers; they encounter vested interests and they have to mobilize a large amount of resources. Rip [(2012). The context of innovation journeys. Creativity and Innovation Management, 21(2), 158–170. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2012.00640.x] has proposed that a mediating ‘layer’ of anticipatory coordination devices, such as road maps, enables innovations to enter complex regimes without losing their novelty. In light of current delays in the European roll-out of smart meters, we have conducted a mixed-methods study of the vocabulary and planning story lines used in 13 different smart grid road maps. Based on a correspondence analysis of documents and terms used in the documents, three distinct types of road maps were found. A subsequent close reading of three road maps that each represents one of the types shows how they approach the modernization of electricity infrastructure in distinct ways: a reliance on the market to tackle complexity was observed in UK-type road maps, a strong focus on a due standardization processes was found in the US-type and a technology-centred perspective dominated the China-type documents.     

多水源供水管网中铁释放规律

针对水源切换而引起的水质超标现象,开展了多水源联合供水条件下管网中铁释放规律的研究。分析了北方某城市2种水源(滦河水和长江水)的水质特点,利用实验模拟反应器分别研究了水源完全置换和供水分界线处水源混合区域的铁释放规律。结果表明,多水源供水管网的铁释放速率与水源水质密切相关,特别是水中含高浓度SO2-4和氯化物时会加快铁的释放。不同水源之间的频繁切换会破坏管垢表面的钝化层,使铁释放速率迅速变化,随后会有所缓解,但新的平衡的形成需要较长时间。供水分界线处的水源混合区域,由于水质的不断变化造成管垢表面很难形成稳定的钝化层,铁释放速率持续偏高,只有当长江水所占比例高达75%以上时才能得到抑制。     

石太客运专线安全保障体系的探讨

针对石太客运专线自身的特点,借鉴国外高速铁路安全运行的经验,运用系统工程相关理论,阐述了石太客运专线安全保障体系的安全因素和基本框架的主要内容,并提出了相关的建议.     

贡嘎山亚高山降水稳定同位素特征及水汽来源研究

为揭示青藏高原东南缘贡嘎山地区的大气降水稳定同位素特征和水汽来源,利用贡嘎山东坡亚高山地区2012年5月至10月实测的大气降水稳定氢氧同位素和气象资料,分析了贡嘎山地区的降水线特征、降水稳定氢氧同位素时空分异特征及其与气候因子之间的关系和氘盈余特征,并运用HYSPLIT模型探讨了该区的水汽来源特点。结果表明:贡嘎山亚高山地区大气降水线方程为δD=9.401 9×δ¹⁸O+28.530 3(‰)(R²=0.983 3,p < 0.001),反映了该区湿润、多雨、气温较低的气候特点;该区大气降水稳定氢氧同位素季节变化明显,雨季先降低后升高;降水中氢氧同位素的高程效应显著且存在季节差异;降水稳定氢氧同位素受温度、降水气象因子影响较大,降水量效应显著并且与温度存在负相关关系;后向轨迹模型模拟结合同位素特征分析表明该地区雨季水汽来源较为复杂,主要有西风输送、东部季风和局地水汽内循环3个来源。研究结果可为区域水汽循环和降水特征提供科学依据。     

回转升降生物接触工艺的实验

提出了一个具有全新运转方式的新型ＲＢＣ系统－回转升降生物接触工艺。通过清水充氧实验考查了实验装置的充氧能力;通过正交试验,确定了最佳运行条件;在最佳运行条件下,研究了本工艺处理有机废水的性能和效果。     

Animal abundance estimation in independent observer line transect surveys

The theory of conventional line transect surveys is based on an essential assumption that 100% detection of animals right on the transect lines can be achieved. When this assumption fails, independent observer line transect surveys are used. This paper proposes a general approach, based on a conditional likelihood, which can be carried out either parametrically or nonparametrically, to estimate the abundance of non-clustered biological populations using data collected from independent observer line transect surveys. A nonparametric estimator is specifically proposed which combines the conditional likelihood and the kernel smoothing method. It has the advantage that it allows the data themselves to dictate the form of the detection function, free of any subjective choice. The bias and the variance of the nonparametric estimator are given. Its asymptotic normality is established which enables construction of confidence intervals. A simulation study shows that the proposed estimator has good empirical performance, and the confidence intervals have good coverage accuracy.     

氨氮在线自动监测仪的现状与问题

氨氮在线自动监测仪已在我国水质自动监测系统中得到广泛应用。其生产厂家日趋成熟、相关标准逐步出台、仪器性能基本达标。但在实际应用过程中,该仪器仍有许多问题需要进一步认识与改进。本文从方法选择、干扰排除、国家标准、比对、质量控制等几个方面,分析了该仪器存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。