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751.
地理信息系统在环境模型研究中的应用 总被引:45,自引:2,他引:43
结合国内外环境信息系统的研究现状和研究实例,首先分析了GIS与环境模型研究结合的必要性和GIS在环境模型研究中潜在的应用范围,然后剖析了GIS与环境模型研究结合的三阶水平并介绍了GIS在环境模型研究中的应用现状,最后分析了GIS和环境模型研究结合的发展趋势并给出了GIS、RS、ES与环境模型理想的结合框架。 相似文献
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753.
Frank M. Hauser Tim Metzner Thorsten Rößler Michael Pütz Steffen Krause 《Environmental Forensics》2019,20(1):13-25
The entry of illegally discharged waste into the sewage system can cause serious damage to sewage pipes and harm the public domain. Besides industrial and communal sources, discharges from clandestine laboratories are of special forensic interest. Aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to detect clandestine discharges of possibly hazardous waste directly at the point of discharge. Tests were performed at a facility where real wastewater was pumped in a controlled way through an open sewage pipe above ground. Chloride, ammonia, pH and conductivity electrodes were investigated for their ability to detect discharges of different types of waste. Waste samples were diluted up to 50 times in a static wastewater environment and pH, conductivity and chloride electrodes were able to distinguish all waste dilutions from blank wastewater. These three electrodes were then used for dynamic tests by placing them inside flowing sewage water and discharging different types of liquid waste ten meters upstream of them. Parameters of the waste discharges like volume, time interval and speed of discharge were varied and the responses of the electrodes were collected. The dynamic tests showed that these three electrodes were able to pick up different waste discharges in a real wastewater environment. It was found that a high sampling rate of the sensors would be required to connect a certain discharge to a specific household connection. These findings highlight the possibility to locate illegal discharges, coming from a variety of sources, using the waste discharge itself. 相似文献
754.
我国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有神圣不可侵犯的主权,珊瑚岛礁的开发、利用与保护,具有重要的战略价值。研究充分利用遥感影像宏观、快速、直观等优势,通过自动化识别与人机交互解译相结合的方法,对西沙永乐群岛岛礁岸线变迁情况进行变化监测。结果表明研究区内存在珊瑚礁岸线、基岩岸线和人工岸线三类岸线类型,以珊瑚礁岸线为主。通过对各岛礁在不同时期海岸线变迁的幅度与速度情况进行对比分析,发现珊瑚礁岸线变迁幅度最为剧烈,主要受自然因素影响,淤涨与侵蚀变迁交替作用,该类岸线处于一种不稳定的状态,其淤涨速率在不同时期不同岸段差异较大;其次为人工岸线,随着海岛的开发建设日益频繁,对土地的需求量不断增加,填海造地速度与幅度也大大增加;基岩岸线基本无变化,相对稳定。 相似文献
755.
从生态空间的监管需求出发,利用高分辨率卫星数据获取不同生态系统类型的分布状况,分析2012—2017年青岛市生态空间的演变格局,从水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性维护3个方面评价青岛市生态空间的服务功能变化情况。结果表明:2012—2017年,青岛市生态空间的生态系统结构变化明显,主要表现为森林和城镇面积显著增加,草地、农田、裸地及海洋面积明显减少;水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性维护功能的生态状况指数的增长率分别为2.63%、0.36%、2.55%,说明生态空间的生态系统服务功能得到提升,生态状况总体呈变好趋势。 相似文献
756.
757.
基于卫星影像的太湖蓝藻水华遥感强度指数和等级划分算法设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对太湖地区近10余年来共32景Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像进行大气校正处理,获得地表反射率影像,在这些影像上采集了分布在不同片区、不同发生季节、不同集聚程度的蓝藻水华样区,提取了不同蓝藻水华的可见一近红外波段反射率数据.统计表明蓝藻水华在TM 4波段的反射率有较宽的动态范围,能定量反映蓝藻集聚程度,TM 2也是... 相似文献
758.
开展快速可靠的水生态监测并预测其变化趋势,对保护水生态环境具有重要的价值。近年来,环境DNA宏条形码技术(简称环境DNA技术)的快速发展弥补了传统形态学生物监测的缺陷,显著提升了水生生物群落的监测能力。与机器学习、遥感和云服务等技术结合,环境DNA技术不仅能大尺度、高频率、高灵敏度、自动化地获取生态监测信息,而且能准确地识别水生态系统的变化趋势,进而改变对水生态系统的认识与管理方式。因此,研究着重总结了环境DNA技术在水生态监测中的应用,分析了环境DNA技术与机器学习、卫星遥感等跨学科合作的潜在机遇,基于环境DNA技术简单、便捷的优势,提出了社会公民参与水环境保护的生态监测新思路。 相似文献
759.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Snow Depletion Curves Derived from SNODAS for the Conterminous United States, 2004‐2013
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Jessica M. Driscoll Lauren E. Hay Andrew R. Bock 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(3):655-666
Assessment of water resources at a national scale is critical for understanding their vulnerability to future change in policy and climate. Representation of the spatiotemporal variability in snowmelt processes in continental‐scale hydrologic models is critical for assessment of water resource response to continued climate change. Continental‐extent hydrologic models such as the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrologic Model (NHM) represent snowmelt processes through the application of snow depletion curves (SDCs). SDCs relate normalized snow water equivalent (SWE) to normalized snow covered area (SCA) over a snowmelt season for a given modeling unit. SDCs were derived using output from the operational Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) snow model as daily 1‐km gridded SWE over the conterminous United States. Daily SNODAS output were aggregated to a predefined watershed‐scale geospatial fabric and used to also calculate SCA from October 1, 2004 to September 30, 2013. The spatiotemporal variability in SNODAS output at the watershed scale was evaluated through the spatial distribution of the median and standard deviation for the time period. Representative SDCs for each watershed‐scale modeling unit over the conterminous United States (n = 54,104) were selected using a consistent methodology and used to create categories of snowmelt based on SDC shape. The relation of SDC categories to the topographic and climatic variables allow for national‐scale categorization of snowmelt processes. 相似文献
760.
All JD 《Environmental management》2006,37(1):111-125
Accurate procedures that measure hydrologic variability would have great value for evaluating ecosystem impacts of upstream
water use in the Colorado River Basin. Many local extractive income-based stakeholders rely directly or indirectly on ecosystem
health and are adversely affected when the river does not flow. This study focuses on the impact of little or no Colorado
River flow on the Mexican shrimp industry. Although there have been complaints that U.S. diversions of Colorado River flow
have greatly impaired the shrimp fishery, this research demonstrates that freshwater rarely reaches the Gulf even during times
of flooding, and that other factors such as overfishing may influence the instability of shrimp populations. Advanced very-high-resolution
radiometer (AVHRR) satellite imagery was used to assess water volumes diverted away from the channel of the Colorado River
and ultimately the Gulf of California during flooding periods. Analysis of data demonstrated that little freshwater actually
reaches the Gulf even during floods because of its diversion into a large dry lake bed basin known as Laguna Salada. Fuller
use of the Colorado River throughout its entire course to the sea is possible and could benefit a large cohort of users without
catastrophic habitat destruction in delta ecosystems. Reconstruction of a natural earthen berm, as proposed by Ducks Unlimited,
would maximize the use of floodwaters for ecosystem benefits. These findings have profound implications for local economic
activities dependent on hydrologic resources in the Colorado River Delta and Upper Gulf. 相似文献