基于HRS和GIS的城市污染场地动态监测原理分析

选择有代表性的城市场地,运用网格法土壤采样,并通过实验室化学分析得出土壤的重金属等污染物质含量,运用地物光谱仪在实验室设定条件下测定土壤反射光谱,应用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立高光谱遥感（HRS）影像定量反演模型,预测场地土壤中各种污染物的含量,并在遥感影像中直观表示。结果表明,HRS技术能提供大量、连续性的光谱信息;PLS模型为大尺度城市场地污染快速评价与监测提供了可能性;并通过结合G IS技术可实现城市污染场地的动态监测,为城市公共管理提供决策支持。     

基于Internet的大气分布式实时在线可控监测网的应用

主要论述了分布式实时在线可控大气监测网的总体设计、技术要点及解决途径。通过软件的设计策略和数据流图阐明了当前大气监测控制技术向网络化、分布性和互操作性方向发展的特点，结合开发的实例介绍了网络监测技术的应用效果。     

基于环境一号卫星的气溶胶光学厚度反演技术研究

基于环境一号卫星(HJ-1)遥感观测数据,采用改进的暗目标算法和深蓝算法分别对暗像元、亮像元地表的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)进行反演,并将其结果与MOD04产品对比。结果表明:二者反演的AOD空间变化特征较一致,相关系数达0.874,HJ-1星反演结果有更高的空间分辨率。当AOD值0.2时,HJ-1星反演结果可靠性较低;当AOD值在0.2~0.8之间时,HJ-1星CCD相机反演气溶胶的结果与MOD04产品最相近,二者相对误差10%;当AOD值在0.8~1.5之间时,HJ-1星反演结果相对MOD04产品显著偏高;当AOD值1.5时,HJ-1星反演结果相对MOD04产品偏低。     

温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中的应用

采用核电站温排水遥感监测影像叠加合并方法提取温升包络线,监测核电站附近海域海表温升数据,确定核电温排水的影响范围,对海面温升面积进行计算,判断核电站温排水是否符合我国相关海洋空间管理标准。以某核电站实例表明,通过遥感监测获得的温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中具有应用价值。     

川西高原积雪稳定性分布格局及其驱动因子分析

在气候变暖的背景下,川西高原积雪出现剧烈变化,对地区水循环过程、生态系统以及社会经济带来严重影响。基于MODIS积雪遥感数据以及环境因子数据,通过构建稳定度指标及最大熵模型探讨川西高原不同稳定性积雪的空间分布格局及其驱动因子,并对不同稳定性积雪的适宜分布区进行分析,结果表明：（1）川西高原大多数地区的积雪属于高度不稳定性积雪,其他稳定性积雪在川西高原分布面积较小;（2）川西高原积雪在海拔越高的地方稳定性越好;（3）不同稳定性积雪分布格局的影响因素存在差异,海拔和降水是影响稳定性积雪分布格局的主要因素。     

四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析

利用多平台、多分辨率遥感数据,监测了四川汶川地震灾前、灾后地表覆盖的变化,分析了地震对区域生态系统的破坏及生态重灾区各生态系统类型破坏的分布特征. 采用地理信息系统建模、空间复合分析等手段,研究了地震对灾区生态承载力、生境与生物多样性、生态系统服务功能的影响. 结果表明,地震对灾区生态系统造成严重破坏,灾区因地表破坏、水土流失加剧导致区域生态承载力下降,生境破碎化,生物多样性与生态系统服务功能受到影响.      

Supporting habitat conservation with automated change detection in Google Earth Engine

A significant limitation in biodiversity conservation has been the effective implementation of laws and regulations that protect species’ habitats from degradation. Flexible, efficient, and effective monitoring and enforcement methods are needed to help conservation policies realize their full benefit. As remote sensing data become more numerous and accessible, they can be used to identify and quantify land-cover changes and habitat loss. However, these data remain underused for systematic conservation monitoring in part because of a lack of simple tools. We adapted 2 algorithms that automatically identify differences between pairs of images. We used free, publicly available satellite data to evaluate their ability to rapidly detect land-cover changes in a variety of land-cover types. We compared algorithm predictions with ground-truthed results at 100 sites of known change in the United States. We also compared algorithm predictions to manually created polygons delineating anthropogenic change in 4 case studies involving imperiled species’ habitat: oil and gas development in the range of the Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus); sand mining operations in the range of the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus); loss of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) coastal habitat after Hurricane Michael (2018); and residential development in St. Andrew beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis) habitat. Both algorithms effectively discriminated between pixels corresponding to land-cover change and unchanged pixels as indicated by area under a receiver operating characteristic curve >0.90. The algorithm that was most effective differed among the case-study habitat types, and both effectively delineated habitat loss as indicated by low omission (min. = 0.0) and commission (min. = 0.0) rates, and moderate polygon overlap (max. = 47%). Our results showed how these algorithms can be used to help close the implementation gap of monitoring and enforcement in biodiversity conservation. We provide a free online tool that can be used to run these analyses ( https://conservationist.io/habitatpatrol ).     

An experimental study of an LPG tank at low filling level heated by a remote wall fire

This paper describes an experimental study of 2300 L pressure vessels exposed to remote fire heating by a natural gas fuelled wall fire simulator. The tanks were filled to 15% capacity with commercial liquid propane. The flame intensity and distance were varied to study the effect of different heating levels on the tank and its lading.The fire simulator is first characterized with tests including fire thermocouples, radiative flux meters and thermal imaging. With the appropriate positioning of a target tank it is possible to get very realistic fire heat fluxes at the tank surface.Three tests were conducted with the 2300 L tanks filled to 15% capacity with propane. The tanks were positioned at three different distances from the wall fire resulting in measured average peak heat flux at the tank surfaces ranging between 24 and 43 kW m^?2. The data shows rapid rise in vapour space wall temperatures, significant temperature stratification in the vapour space, and moderate rate of pressure rise. These results provide excellent data for the validation of computer models used to predict the response of pressure vessels exposed to moderate heating from a remote fire.     

基于植被指数和地表温度的冬小麦遥感干旱监测

针对河北省冬小麦主要种植区2007年发生的一次春旱过程,利用MODIS8天合成遥感资料,结合地面站点数据,分析植被供水指数及其多年距平值在冬小麦生长旺期对站点和区域尺度的旱情响应,探求其在河北省冬小麦旱情日常监测中的可操作性。研究结果表明：在三个典型干旱站点,植被供水指数多年距平值与土壤相对湿度多年距平值有较为一致的时间动态;在区域尺度,植被供水指数对水分亏缺状况敏感,与20cm土壤相对湿度的相关性较好。利用植被供水指数建立的遥感监测模型可用于反演冬小麦种植区旱情空间格局,结果与地面观测资料基本吻合。     

基于Sentinel-3 OLCI影像的秦皇岛海域悬浮物浓度遥感反演

基于2013~2021年期间秦皇岛海域遥感反射率、悬浮物浓度及叶绿素a浓度等实测数据,开展了该海域Sentinel-3 OLCI影像的悬浮物浓度遥感反演模型研究.结果表明,文献中常用的典型经验模型形式均不适用于秦皇岛海域,以490、620及708.75nm为悬浮物反演的敏感波段,以560nm为参比波段,将各敏感波段与参比波段的比值作为自变量,最终建立了适用于秦皇岛海域的Sentinel-3 OLCI四波段悬浮物浓度遥感反演模型（R²=0.69,MAPE=24.79%,RMSE=2.82mg/L）;并采用2021年7月24日Sentinel-3 OLCI影像进行悬浮物浓度遥感反演产品的真实性检验,得到反演值与实测值的平均相对误差为13.24%.将上述四波段模型用于2021年1~12月秦皇岛海域的Sentinel-3 OLCI影像,反演得到月均悬浮物浓度,发现秦皇岛海域悬浮物浓度整体呈现沿岸海域高、离岸海域低,秋冬季高、春夏季低的时空变化特征;且2018~2021年秦皇岛海域悬浮物浓度的年均值逐年递减,水体越来越澄清.