基于时空数据融合的江汉平原水稻种植信息提取

及时、准确监测水稻种植面积,对区域粮食政策制定、粮食安全以及农业发展具有重要意义。然而我国南方地区水稻生长期内降水充沛的气候特点使得遥感影像"云污染"现象严重,为解决水稻种植信息遥感提取存在可用数据不足的问题,以江汉平原为例,利用时空数据融合模型(Spatial and Temporal Data Fusion Approach,STDFA)将Landsat 8 OLI与时序MODIS数据融合,重构出具有高时-空分辨率特征数据,然后采用面向对象的SVM分类方法对研究区内水稻种植信息进行提取,结果如下:融合后的红与近红外波段反射率与真实反射率的相关系数分别为0.84和0.81,研究区水稻提取精度为94.46%,Kappa系数为0.91。说明时空融合模型能够较好地重构出高时空分辨率数据,从而实现多云雨地区农作物种植信息遥感提取。     

基于MODIS AOD数据的南京市大气能见度估算

以南京市为研究区,利用MODIS气溶胶产品数据(MOD04L2)获取研究区气溶胶标高数据,结合地面气象站点能见度观测数据,构建研究区不同季节能见度估算模型,估算南京市2013年能见度时空分布。研究结果表明,研究区能见度模型估算值与实测值总体趋势较为一致,分季节模型能见度估算均值相对误差为14.3%;南京市2013年能见度年均值为6.07km,大致呈现出由市区向周边郊区逐渐升高的趋势;研究区不同季节能见度差异明显,夏季能见度显著高于其他3个季节,在该季节全市能见度均值达到9.93km,约为其余3个季节均值的2倍左右,气候状况与经济社会发展布局是影响研究区能见度时空差异的主要因素。     

A geostatistical approach for mapping thematic classification accuracy and evaluating the impact of inaccurate spatial data on ecological model predictions

Spatial information in the form of geographical information system coverages and remotely sensed imagery is increasingly used in ecological modeling. Examples include maps of land cover type from which ecologically relevant properties, such as biomass or leaf area index, are derived. Spatial information, however, is not error-free: acquisition and processing errors, as well as the complexity of the physical processes involved, make remotely sensed data imperfect measurements of ecological attributes. It is therefore important to first assess the accuracy of the spatial information being used and then evaluate the impact of such inaccurate information on ecological model predictions. In this paper, the role of geostatistics for mapping thematic classification accuracy through integration of abundant image-derived (soft) and sparse higher accuracy (hard) class labels is presented. Such assessment leads to local indices of map quality, which can be used for guiding additional ground surveys. Stochastic simulation is proposed for generating multiple alternative realizations (maps) of the spatial distribution of the higher accuracy class labels over the study area. All simulated realizations are consistent with the available pieces of information (hard and soft labels) up to their validated level of accuracy. The simulated alternative class label representations can be used for assessing joint spatial accuracy, i.e., classification accuracy regarding entire spatial features read from the thematic map. Such realizations can also serve as input parameters to spatially explicit ecological models; the resulting distribution of ecological responses provides a model of uncertainty regarding the ecological model prediction. A case study illustrates the generation of alternative land cover maps for a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) subscene, and the subsequent construction of local map quality indices. Simulated land cover maps are then input into a biogeochemical model for assessing uncertainty regarding net primary production (NPP).     

辽东湾双台子河口湿地翅碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）生物量遥感反演研究

通过现场采集辽东湾双台子河口翅碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）光谱数据,收集标准样方（1 m×1 m）的翅碱蓬生物量（Biomass）,建立相关植被指数与翅碱蓬生物量的遥感反演回归算法,发现辽宁双台子河口湿地翅碱蓬生物量与植被指数PVI、SAVI和MSAVI的相关系数R2较高,直线回归方程相关系数分别达到0.626、0.698和0.679。同时,利用得到的估算模型,结合1990—2005年的双台子河口的TM影像数据,反演该区域翅碱蓬分布面积和生物量。结果发现：辽东湾双台子河口湿地翅碱蓬面积变化呈先降后升的趋势。通过植被指数（NDVI、RVI、PVI和MSAVI）和生物量的算法反演,发现翅碱蓬生物量曲线与分布面积曲线的变化趋势一致。     

Supporting habitat conservation with automated change detection in Google Earth Engine

A significant limitation in biodiversity conservation has been the effective implementation of laws and regulations that protect species’ habitats from degradation. Flexible, efficient, and effective monitoring and enforcement methods are needed to help conservation policies realize their full benefit. As remote sensing data become more numerous and accessible, they can be used to identify and quantify land-cover changes and habitat loss. However, these data remain underused for systematic conservation monitoring in part because of a lack of simple tools. We adapted 2 algorithms that automatically identify differences between pairs of images. We used free, publicly available satellite data to evaluate their ability to rapidly detect land-cover changes in a variety of land-cover types. We compared algorithm predictions with ground-truthed results at 100 sites of known change in the United States. We also compared algorithm predictions to manually created polygons delineating anthropogenic change in 4 case studies involving imperiled species’ habitat: oil and gas development in the range of the Greater Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus); sand mining operations in the range of the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus); loss of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) coastal habitat after Hurricane Michael (2018); and residential development in St. Andrew beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis) habitat. Both algorithms effectively discriminated between pixels corresponding to land-cover change and unchanged pixels as indicated by area under a receiver operating characteristic curve >0.90. The algorithm that was most effective differed among the case-study habitat types, and both effectively delineated habitat loss as indicated by low omission (min. = 0.0) and commission (min. = 0.0) rates, and moderate polygon overlap (max. = 47%). Our results showed how these algorithms can be used to help close the implementation gap of monitoring and enforcement in biodiversity conservation. We provide a free online tool that can be used to run these analyses ( https://conservationist.io/habitatpatrol ).     

江苏省水稻遥感估产研究

结合水稻遥感估产研究工作，阐述了遥感估产全过程，根据江苏省境内水热条件、地貌、土壤条件、种植制度等，进行水稻遥感估产区划和样点布设，建立估产背景数据库。利用混合像元分解方法提取水稻种植面积，以及采用遥感植被指数单产模型，进而预测水稻产量。     

数字长江河道实验中遥感技术应用研究——以长江江苏段为例

在数字长江河道试验中充发分挥遥感技术的作用，应用多平台，多时相遥感技术，对长江河床演变、江岸变迁、河道边界条件、护岸工程等进行数据采集，建立长江河道数据库。开展南通河段水深遥感探测试验，在水深遥感机理分析的基础上，通过准同步的遥感光谱亮度值与相关水深实测数据的计算，建立该河段水深遥感模型，对河床水下地形进行反演。试验研究表明，应用陆地卫星TM数据对含沙量较高的长江河口段水深进行探测有一定的效果，其探测深度可达5m。对近岸水深条件及岸线资源利用现状进行数据采集，在GIS支持下，应用地理信息图谱方法对江岸稳定性进行综合评价，将岸线根据其稳定性划分为稳定岸、强侵蚀岸、弱侵蚀岸、强淤积岸的弱淤积岸5个类型，根据其近岸水深条件划分为深水岸、中深水岸和浅水岸三大类型，建立长江岸线资源专题数据库。在此基础上，对长江江苏段河道演变特征、江岸稳定性及不同性质岸线的利用情况进行分析研究，提出河道整治、防洪和岸线资源合理开发利用的对策建议。     

遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用

介绍总结了近年来遥感技术在灾害监测中的应用与进展，以若干应用实例阐明了遥感技术在实现对自然灾害进行宏观、实时、动态、连续监测中不可替代的作用；在对我国灾害遥感的应用现状进行了分析之后，发现灾前预测工作有所不足；指出遥感技术将进一步同地理信息系统技术和全球定位系统技术相结合，在防灾减灾工作中发挥愈来愈重要的作用。     

北京建筑施工裸地时空变化及扬尘污染排放

近年来北京城市格局逐步调整,伴随城市扩张与功能疏解,大规模建设工程使建筑施工裸地广泛分布于城市内部,施工扬尘带来的颗粒物污染已经成为影响空气质量的重要因素.选取北京平原区为研究区域,遥感反演了2013~2017年的建筑施工裸地,并分析了其时空分布特征.结合地面颗粒物浓度进行相关性分析,探讨城市建筑施工裸地对空气质量的影响.在此基础上,估算北京平原区2013~2017年建筑施工裸地的扬尘排放量.结果表明,北京建筑施工裸地沿中心城区向四周辐射,呈现出环形的带状分布,以城乡结合部最为集中.2013~2017年建筑施工裸地面积呈现先减后增的变化趋势,2015年后重心向东南偏移,逐步呈现出不均衡的分布特征.建筑施工裸地面积与PM10呈正相关,23个地面自动监测站点的相关系数均在0.80以上.2017年北京平原区建筑施工裸地颗粒物排放量核算结果如下:TSP排放量为39.5×10~4t、PM10排放量为19.4×10~4t、PM_(2.5)排放量为4.0×10~4t.单元网格的建筑施工裸地颗粒物排放强度向两级化发展,建筑施工裸地的局部集中导致高污染单元网格排放强度进一步增大.以标准化的PM10网格排放量为依据,将北京平原区分为低污染排放区、较低污染排放区、中污染排放区、较高污染排放区及高污染排放区5个级别,分级管控可以更有效地减轻扬尘污染影响.     

Monitoring of abandoned quarries by remote sensing and in situ surveying

In Italy quarrying causes relevant environmental damages and alterations to the land and the ecosystems. Despite the present Italian legislation requiring the restoration of the sites after exploitation, most of the quarries, both the abandoned and the still operational ones, are not restored.The objective of this work is to indicate a monitoring methodology in order to survey the present state of the quarry sites and their evolution in time, which are the basic data needed to implement an adequate land reclamation project.Such methodology has been applied to several abandoned limestone quarries in the Latina province (close to Rome), characterised by a typical Mediterranean vegetation, but it can be applied to any other kind of litology and vegetation.The land monitoring has been realised both by using remote sensing techniques, supported by a Geographic Information System of the studied area, and by in situ surveying. The in situ surveying was able to assess the capability of the remote sensing model to describe the state of each site.