动态校准仪臭氧间接传递技术

对5台主流动态校准仪开展臭氧间接传递技术研究,对动态校准仪的准确性、可靠性、稳定性及臭氧传递的线性方程等性能参数进行了实验室考察。总体而言,发生型动态校准仪和分析型动态校准仪均可用于臭氧传递工作中。分析型动态校准仪可直接进行臭氧传递,发生型动态校准仪在臭氧传递前必须进行预校准。建议至少每3个月对发生型动态校准仪进行1次臭氧传递,每6个月对分析型动态校准仪进行1次臭氧传递。     

饮用水源微生物快速检测技术的发展及应用

微生物是威胁饮用水安全的首要问题,水环境微生物快速检测技术的开发和应用是推动饮用水源微生物快速检测和水质安全预警技术发展的保障。随着对水质微生物污染快速检测和准确预警新要求的提出,水环境中微生物在线检测和预警技术得到了越来越多的开发和应用。笔者总结了水环境常见微生物检测方法和技术的发展,重点讨论了饮用水源微生物快速检测技术的发展和应用,根据各项技术的应用和推广使用程度,将其归纳为常用快速检测技术、潜在适用快速检测技术和新型快速检测技术等类别,并详细阐述了一些应用较广的技术,以期为构建水质微生物污染早期预警系统提供参考。     

注入式低温等离子体技术用于卷烟厂异味处理的效果研究

将注入式低温等离子体技术应用于烟厂制丝排潮和制丝除尘排放气体异味处理中,研究了注入式低温等离子体发生器参数对臭味浓度、非甲烷总烃和可检出典型有机物去除率的影响规律。结果表明:注入式低温等离子体发生器工作电压越高,注入处理烟道的氧化活性物种浓度越高,注入量越大,臭味浓度、非甲烷总烃和可检出典型有机物去除率也越高。选取合理的工作电压,臭味浓度去除率可达90%以上,非甲烷总烃去除率分别达到了83.8%(制丝排潮)和78.1%(制丝除尘)。     

BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用

为提高钢结构建筑抗震减灾性能,降低建筑坍塌风险,研究BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用方法是非常必要的.利用BIM技术在钢结构建筑整体建造中的动态建模、可视化、信息共享管理以及抗震减灾性能检测等优势,在建筑抗震减灾管理决策阶段,选出最优方案,针对方案中影响建筑抗震减灾性能风险制定管理策略;在设计阶段,创建三维建...     

Motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by three crash avoidance technologies on passenger vehicles

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the motorcycle crash population that would be potential beneficiaries of 3 crash avoidance technologies recently available on passenger vehicles.

Methods: Two-vehicle crashes between a motorcycle and a passenger vehicle that occurred in the United States during 2011–2015 were classified by type, with consideration of the functionality of 3 classes of passenger vehicle crash avoidance technologies: frontal crash prevention, lane maintenance, and blind spot detection. Results were expressed as the percentage of crashes potentially preventable by each type of technology, based on all known types of 2-vehicle crashes and based on all crashes involving motorcycles.

Results: Frontal crash prevention had the largest potential to prevent 2-vehicle motorcycle crashes with passenger vehicles. The 3 technologies in sum had the potential to prevent 10% of fatal 2-vehicle crashes and 23% of police-reported crashes. However, because 2-vehicle crashes with a passenger vehicle represent fewer than half of all motorcycle crashes, these technologies represent a potential to avoid 4% of all fatal motorcycle crashes and 10% of all police-reported motorcycle crashes.

Discussion: Refining the ability of passenger vehicle crash avoidance systems to detect motorcycles represents an opportunity to improve motorcycle safety. Expanding the capabilities of these technologies represents an even greater opportunity. However, even fully realizing these opportunities can affect only a minority of motorcycle crashes and does not change the need for other motorcycle safety countermeasures such as helmets, universal helmet laws, and antilock braking systems.     

燃煤电厂超低排放气态污染物监测技术综述

介绍了燃煤电厂超低排放气态污染物监测系统的采样系统和分析单元,分析了其各自的优缺点。对稀释抽取式、冷干抽取式和热湿抽取式3种采样方法,以及非分散红外吸收法(NDIR)、非分散紫外吸收法(NDUV)、紫外差分吸收法(DOAS)、紫外荧光法(UVF)和化学发光法(CL)5种分析方法进行对比。结果表明,冷干抽取式+紫外差分法以及稀释抽取式+紫外荧光法+化学发光法可以较好地符合燃煤电厂超低排放监测的要求。     

“Science is Everywhere,but No One Knows It”: Assessing the Cultural Distance to Science of Rural South African Publics

ABSTRACT

In science communication, a prerequisite for reaching different parts of a society is to find out how these publics experience and interpret science. Since rural South African publics are perceived to exhibit a large cultural distance to science, the present exploratory study aimed to know in more detail how rural South Africans perceive and understand science in their local and social contexts. Theoretical notions on cultural distance and the methodological approach of segmentation studies were considered. Semi-structured interviews with rural South Africans were carried out in four towns (n?=?52) that differ with respect to having a large scientific installation in their vicinity, or not. Sensitively comparing local and social contexts helped identifying three different publics who differed regarding their perceptions of science; however, the large scientific installations only made a difference in perceptions for those publics who were generally less exposed to and less knowledgeable about science.     

Indonesia’s Accidental Island: Composing the Environment in the Echo of Disaster

By presenting stakeholders’ competing representations of an extraordinary geological formation, an island with a surface that is comprised of runoff from an infamous mud volcano in East Java, this article explores the communicative openings and closures that arise during an environmental disaster. A particular concern is attuning communicative practices to the diverse human and nonhuman actors that not only produce disasters but also shape our understandings and responses to disasters. Drawing on the work of Bruno Latour, this article suggests that non-anthropocentric modes of inquiry present new communicative and political possibilities for pursuing both social justice and safe environments. While this article focuses on a specific set of incidents in Indonesia, this project develops tools and perspectives that can be applied to environmental conflicts at other places.     

自然资源、技术进步与环境库兹涅茨曲线

不可再生自然资源的约束和环境质量的不断恶化是经济可持续发展必须要面对的挑战。就环境问题而言,现实中一个特征事实是,在不同的收入水平下人们对环境质量的需求不同,只有当收入达到一定水平之后,人们才会注重生活质量的改善。基于现有研究,在考虑非再生自然资源的约束条件下,本研究将环境质量作为生产要素的一部分引入最优增长理论的分析框架,探讨了在环境污染和自然资源双重约束下的长期经济增长问题。在非再生自然资源和环境污染的双重约束下,本研究表明解决环境问题必须要采用的手段是促使技术进步的创新研发,因为技术进步是环境库兹涅茨曲线出现拐点的不可或缺的一个必要条件。在市场竞争的环境下,由于知识的非竞争性质使得研究部门的研究是次优的。因此,政府应当通过适当的财政政策和法制安排以激励私人投资者研究与开发新技术的积极性。     

资源贫瘠地区农户技术采用的影响因素分析

引入双槛模型,分两个阶段考察滇西南资源贫瘠地区农户改良陆稻技术采用行为的影响因素。第一,农户决定是否采用改良陆稻技术(采用决定)的影响因素;第二,如果采用,农户决定改良陆稻技术采用程度(采用程度决定)的影响因素。研究发现,影响农户决定是否采用改良陆稻技术的因素和影响农户决定改良陆稻技术采用程度的因素存在很大差异。农户所拥有的资源禀赋状况,例如耕地面积、市场远近、缺粮程度、海拔高度和有无技术推广项目等对农户的采用决定有显著的正向影响;而家庭劳动力比重和水田面积比例则有显著的负向影响。农户家庭规模和台地面积比例对农户技术采用程度决定呈现显著的正向影响,而耕地面积、水田面积比例和海拔高度则对其呈现显著的负向影响。因此,在制定资源贫瘠山区的农业技术推广政策时,应该充分注意区分影响技术推广广度和深度的不同因素,使不同政策措施更能在资源缺乏的情况下具有适应性和针对性。