环境风险评价研究综述

论述了环境风险评价研究的有关基本概念以及主要研究内容的发展，指出了风险评价存在的不足，并在此基础上提出一些合理建议。     

加强城市环境风险管理,促进和谐社会建设

针对我国目前非正常死亡长期据高不下现状,分析了小尺度环境安全问题成因特点,提出用加强城市环境风险管理作为对策,并具体讨论了环境安全标准、环境安全责任、环境安全立法、环境安全经济、环境安全管理、环境安全科研等相关问题。     

基于元数据的南宁市环境信息共享模式分析

元数据技术是目前环境信息管理的发展趋势，对基于元数据的南宁市环境信息共享模式进行了探索与研究，提出了元数据系统功能及内容框架的解决方案。     

Hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the wild species Aegilops geniculata and A. biuncialis under experimental field conditions

Hybridization between Aegilops geniculata, A. biuncialis and bread wheat Triticum aestivum has been evaluated during two seasons under simulated field conditions to estimate the field hybridization rate under Central Spain conditions. The mean frequencies of hybridization between A. biuncialis and A. geniculata with wheat were 0.34% and 0.31%, respectively. Data from 10 hybrid plants for each combination showed that hybrids can be partially fertile by backcrossing with wheat parent, with percent averages of 3.17 grains/spikelets for A. biuncialis × wheat hybrids and 2.87 grains/spikelets for A. geniculata × wheat hybrids. Self-pollination, although at very low rates, was also possible in hybrids. The potential risks associated with natural hybridization in the context of transgenic wheat cultivation are discussed.     

Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks?

Land application of contaminated waste products has been defended as beneficial use by some scientists and regulators, based on the premise that the behavior of any toxins accumulated in soils from this practice is reasonably well understood and will not have detrimental agronomic or environmental impacts into the foreseeable future. In this review, I use the case of toxic metals in sewage sludges applied to agricultural land to illustrate that metal behavior in soils and plant uptake is difficult to generalize because it is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal, sludge, soil properties and crop. Nevertheless, permitted agricultural loadings of toxic metals from sewage sludges are typically regulated using the sole criterion of total metal loading or concentrations in soils. Several critical generalizing assumptions about the behavior of sludge-borne metals in soil-crop systems, built into the US EPA risk assessment for metals, have tended to underestimate risks and are shown not to be well justified by published research. It is argued that, in the absence of a basic understanding of metal behavior in each specific situation, a more precautionary approach to toxic metal additions to soils is warranted.     

Eco-environmental information system of Tianjin City─Design, implementation and applications

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关于防范环境突发事件的探索和思考

从环保工作实际出发,阐述了防范环境突发事件的3个长效机制,即排查潜在事故隐患,建立信息系统;依据信息指标,建立预警系统;控制污染事态,构建应急处理系统.     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.     

会计电算化对内部审计的影响

随着网络环境下会计电算化管理系统的应用,传统的审计模式、工作方法已不能满足新形式下内部审计的需要。本文在论述电算化会计系统的发展历程的基础上,阐述了会计电算化对内部审计所带来的制约和影响,提出了会计电算化环境下,内部审计工作的工作重点。     

转基因生物风险评价的实践与发展

随着生物技术的迅猛发展和转基因生物的应用 ,转基因生物对生态环境、人和动物的健康以及非目标生物的影响成为世界关注的焦点。对转基因生物进行风险评估 ,是防止基因转化的随意性 ,对有害基因产品实施有效监控的重要环节。本文介绍了国内外转基因生物风险评价开展的情况以及相关的概念、内容、范围和方法 ,提出了在我国开展转基因生物风险评价的建议。