TEOM RP1400a PM_(10)测尘仪的日常维护

基于TEOM RP1400a PM10型测尘仪的工作原理,文中提出了仪器的日常维护的注意点;同时,对出现负值、流量不正常、显示屏监测数据上下非连续性明显波动、屏幕显示不正常等情况进行了分析,并且提出了相应的解决方案。     

Analysis of pitting corrosion on steel under insulation in marine environments

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is an important issue in marine environments. Pitting corrosion is a significant contributor to this issue. The ability to understand and model pitting behavior is integral to designing and maintaining assets in marine environments to decreased costs and increase safety and productivity. This paper reviews and analyses six categories of pitting knowledge to assess the current depth and breadth of understanding and to identify knowledge gaps in each category. The categories investigated are: identification of pitting, experimental methods, mechanism of pitting, modeling of pitting corrosion rates, remaining life assessment modeling, and risk-based inspections. This analysis finds that the depth of knowledge on pitting corrosion rate modeling and pitting mechanism is limited and requires further detailed study. The outcome of such study will strengthen pitting corrosion rate modeling, the accuracy of fitness-for-service assessments and risk-based inspection strategies.     

光纤线路运行维护智能系统研究

针对当前光纤线路运行中日益突出的维护和管理问题 ,笔者提出了开展光纤线路运行维护智能系统研究的问题。通过分析现有光纤运行维护技术 ,认为当前的网络运营维护思路“故障维修” ,已不适应现代网络运营的发展需要 ,应该采取“状态维修”的新思路和防患于未然的策略。为此 ,笔者运用系统工程的思想、人工智能技术、数据挖掘技术、Agent技术 ,研究了具有故障预警功能的光纤线路运行维护智能系统 ,给出了该系统的分析和设计方案 ,从整体上探索保障光纤网络的安全运行措施 ,为建立实际的预警系统奠定了基础。     

Risk-based maintenance (RBM): a quantitative approach for maintenance/inspection scheduling and planning

The overall objective of the maintenance process is to increase the profitability of the operation and optimize the total life cycle cost without compromising safety or environmental issues. Risk assessment integrates reliability with safety and environmental issues and therefore can be used as a decision tool for preventive maintenance planning. Maintenance planning based on risk analysis minimizes the probability of system failure and its consequences (related to safety, economic, and environment). It helps management in making correct decisions concerning investment in maintenance or related field. This will, in turn, result in better asset and capital utilization.

This paper presents a new methodology for risk-based maintenance. The proposed methodology is comprehensive and quantitative. It comprises three main modules: risk estimation module, risk evaluation module, and maintenance planning module. Details of the three modules are given. A case study, which exemplifies the use of methodology to a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, is also discussed.     

CFB干法脱硫袋式除尘器设计及运行维护

阐述了CFB干法脱硫工艺,及其配套袋式除尘器的结构型式、设计选型和运行维护等方面的技术问题。     

论离子色谱在县级环境监测中的应用

为更好地对县域环境进行监测,确保县级环保事业的有效推进,就离子色谱仪在县级环境监测中的应用、仪器的维护与保养等进行了分析与论述。     

Significant human risk factors in aircraft maintenance technicians

We examined significant human risk factors in aircraft maintenance technicians (AMTs) in the airline industry. We conducted an empirical study of Taiwan’s airlines to determine these risk factors and to illustrate how a quantifiable evaluation approach integrates experts’ opinions about the relative importance of risk factors. We developed an expert questionnaire and modified the human factors SHELL model to categorize the risk factors that we derived from the literature and the opinions of 107 senior experts. The empirical results showed that there are nine significant risk factors out of 77 preliminary and 46 primary risk factors. The results also provided support for the approach and model presented in this work, demonstrating that they are both strategically effective and practically acceptable. Analyzing and ranking the significant risk factors for AMTs in this fashion may help airlines to better focus on their major operational and managerial weaknesses in order to improve maintenance operations under the condition of limited resources.     

人失误模型在防止变电所检修事故中的应用

针对变电所检修事故的特点,认为人失误是导致该类事故发生的主要原因。运用安全人机工程学基本原理,分析了变电所检修过程中人失误产生的原因,在研究了以人失误为主因的事故模型基础上,进一步从人的特性、人机功能的分配、人机界面的设计、安全管理和环境因素五个方面人手构建了以人失误为主因的变电所检修事故模型,基于该模型提出了有效、合理的避免或减少变电所检修事故的五点对策措施。以期能为变电所检修事故的预防起到积极的指导作用。     

Risk-based shutdown management of LNG units

Global demand for natural gas may double by 2030, with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) growing perhaps fivefold - driven by continued cost reduction. Propane Pre-cooled Mixed Refrigerant (PPMR) of Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (APCI) currently holds 78% of the liquefaction plants on the market. Since the PPMR process has the largest production capacity, its operational reliability needs to be high as any failure may result in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, operational reliability has a key importance in LNG plants. To achieve an acceptable reliability, usually, a constant interval of a preventive maintenance method is used. The limitation of such a method is that the shutdown strategy is not optimum. This study focuses on determining a risk-based shutdown management strategy for APCI plants with capacity of 4.5 million tons per annum. To achieve the minimum risk for the expected life of an LNG plant, a combination of preventive maintenance, active redundancy and standby redundancy is considered. Results of this study reveal that such a combination can significantly reduce the operational risk. This combination improves the plant reliability and maintains it above a minimum operational reliability.     

Cost–benefit analysis approach for the management of industrial safety in chemical and petrochemical industry

The high complexity of chemical and petrochemical installations determines a complex safety management of these establishments, therefore, there is a need to find innovative solutions to guarantee the prevention of failures and losses of containment from process equipment. In this frame, the use of the API Risk Based Inspection (RBI) assessment approach permits a significant reduction of maintenance costs and, simultaneously, the increase of plant's reliability and availability. To increase the level of industrial safety, a proper selection of measures is also needed, even if the adoption of such measures poses costs. Given that resources for the companies are usually limited, a comparison amongst various solutions has to be done with the aim to find the best one, based on a comparison of costs and benefit. To this scope, recently a software, named Inspection Manager, has been developed by ANTEA and implemented thanks to a cooperation with the University of Padova (Italy). The Inspection Manager provides support in the application of the RBI approach by means of the use of plant-specific data, which are stored in its database; its further implementation, presented in this paper, has made it able to support also cost-benefit analysis and, thus, the selection of measures to be adopted to prevent accidental events causing the release of hazardous materials. A case-study is presented to test the new functionality of the tool; after the identification of the most effective measures, a careful cost-benefit assessment has been executed as a basis for decision-making.