层次分析法在评定最优环境工程方案中的应用

本文根据层次分析法的原理，结合环境工程评标的特点，建立了评定最优环境工程方案的层次结构模型。该模型引入三标度法来间接地构造判断矩阵，简化了专家或决策者的判断难度，增强了判断矩阵的逻辑性。结合某废水治理工程项目，介绍了层次分析法应用于工程评标的计算过程。结果表明，这种改进的层次分析法是进行环境工程方案优选的新颖、科学、简便的方法。     

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MODELS FOR APPLICATION TO WATER RESOURCES PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: A research project was undertaken for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to determine the relative utility and effectiveness of four well-known multicriteria decision making (MCDM) models for applications in realistic water resources planning settings. A series of experiments was devised to examine the impact of rating and ranking procedures on the decision making behavior of users (e.g., planners, managers, analysts, etc.) when faced with situations involving multiple evaluation criteria and numerous alternative planning projects. The four MCDM models tested were MATS-PC, EXPERT CHOICE, ARIADNE, and ELECTRE. Two groups of analysts and decision makers were tested. One group consisted of experienced U.S. Army Corps planners, while the other was comprised of graduate students. Based on a series of nonparametric statistical tests, the results identified EXPERT CHOICE as the preferred MCDM model by both groups based largely on ease of use and understandability. ARIADNE fostered the largest degree of agreement within and among the two groups of individuals tested. The tests also lend support to the claim that rankings are not affected significantly by the choice of decision maker (i.e., who uses any of these MCDM models) or which of these four models is used.     

GAME-THEORETIC ANALYSES OF ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Game-theoretic models are developed for describing and analyzing the inspection and enforcement process, especially as it relates to environmental laws and regulations in North America. Based on these models, systems using irrevocable control orders can be compared to those relying on court determination of guilt and punishment. The cost-effectiveness of environmental enforcement can be systematically assessed in terms of factors such as the private gains for violators, the costs of inspection, penalties, and the social value of deterring violations. The policy implications of the analysis, especially with reference to environmental protection, are emphasized.     

一种新的模糊聚类方法在环境评价中的应用

本文提出了一种新的模湖直接泵类方法，并将其应用于环境质量评价中，实例计算表明该方法直观明了，大大减少计算量，更适用于计算机上实现。     

城市污水处理厂Web决策支持中心的设计与开发

研究开发了基于Web的城市污水处理厂决策支持系统(模拟系统、专家系统、培训系统),实现了决策支持中心的思想。介绍了城市污水处理厂Web决策支持中心的设计思想,以及利用.NET技术,以单机版决策支持系统为基础进行软件开发的方法。同时讨论了开发城市污水处理厂决策支持中心的意义,以及在本研究基础上进行深入科研工作的前景。     

The Problems of Fishermen in the Southern Aral Sea Region

The main objective of this paper is the presentation of water scarcity and water quality problems of fishery and fishermen in the southern Aral Sea region Kazakhstan. We tried in the past to inform interested people about our suggestions how to rehabilitate the situation, how to produce relatively enough fish for the functioning of local fish processing industry and to give people jobs, but we were unable so far to convince decision makers about innovations needed. It is essential therefore to reiterate some of the well-known problems of the region, called the Aral Sea crisis, but we concentrate mostly on the problems for the fishermen. While we do this, we understand, however, that the problem requires solution within the concept of a socioeconomic sustainable development for which we suggest the development of a decision support system based upon a computer simulation model providing optimal solutions.     

灰色格调多目标类比判定在废水处理方案中的抉择

以铸造厂热处理过程中外排废水为例，在实际灰色格调形势下，通过对多目标统观类比判定，使废水处理工艺条件的选择更趋优化，合理且用于废水处理中。     

区域水污染物排放总量分配方法研究

污染物允许排放总量分配是水污染总量控制的重要内容 ,分配的合理与否将会直接影响到水污染控制工作的成效。本研究基于经济、社会和环境系统诸要素影响 ,设计了一种定性与定量相结合描述判断矩阵的多指标决策的层次分析法来进行排污总量分摊问题的研究。结果表明 ,该方法既克服了等比例分配方法的不公平性 ,又兼顾了各分区间的差异     

公路环境地理信息系统(HEGIS)研究与开发初探

在对公路环境地理信息系统 (HEGIS)进行系统需求分析的基础上 ,描述了利用地理信息系统 (GIS)建立HEGIS的可行性及其研究的主要内容、目的、意义及国内外发展趋势 ,初步探讨HEGIS在环境管理与决策等方面的应用功能研究及其开发技术路线。     

湖泊富营养化评价中的灰色局势决策法

为能够处理富营养化评价标准的不确定性问题,采用灰色局势决策法驿九寨沟各湖泊进行了富营养化评价.评价指标选择叶绿素α、TP、TN、CODmn等四个指标.各湖泊指标值为两年监测数据的平均值.在构造水体和评价等级二元组合局势的基础上,通过效果测度决策矩阵和综合决策矩阵的求算,由筛选出的最佳局势确定出湖泊的富营养化水平,再经由综合指数计算,得出各湖泊富营养化评价的定量表示,即长海1.34,箭竹海1.42,熊猫海1.41,五花海1.47,镜海和犀牛海1.39,芦苇海1.43.