助剂Ga对V2O5-MoO3/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

对V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂脱硝催化剂进行Ga改性处理,制备了一系列不同Ga₂O₃质量分数的V₂O₅-MoO₃-Ga₂O₃/TiO₂脱硝催化剂。采用XRD、N₂-吸附脱附、H₂-TPR、UV-vis、拉曼光谱、NH₃-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果显示：Ga的添加对催化剂上MoO_x物种的影响不大,但降低了催化剂上VO_x物种的聚合度,从而提升催化剂的还原性能,同时Ga的添加还减少了催化剂的酸性位。当Ga₂O₃质量分数为0.2%时,V₂O₅-MoO₃-Ga₂O₃/TiO₂催化剂的脱硝性能最佳。     

Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原NO的低温活性及抗毒化性能

用浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂,考察了其在O2存在条件下选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性和抗SO2及H2O毒化的性能.结果表明,反应温度、空间速度、NO进口浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对NO转化率的影响较小;在120℃的低温条件下,该催化剂显示了良好的催化活性,NO的转化率始终保持在95%以上.该催化剂有良好的同时抗SO2和H2O毒化能力.     

Transformation and removal of ammonium sulfate aerosols and ammonia slip from selective catalytic reduction in wet flue gas desulfurization system

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration may increase the emission of NH₄⁺ and NH₃. The removal and transformation characteristics of ammonium sulfate aerosols and ammonia slip during the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) process, as well as the effect of desulfurization parameters, were investigated in an experimental system equipped with a simulated SCR flue gas generation system and a limestone-based WFGD system. The results indicate that the ammonium sulfate aerosols and ammonia slip in the flue gas from SCR can be partly removed by slurry scrubbing, while the entrainment and evaporation of desulfurization slurry with accumulated NH₄⁺ will generate new ammonium-containing particles and gaseous ammonia. The ammonium-containing particles formed by desulfurization are not only derived from the entrainment of slurry droplets, but also from the re-condensation of gaseous ammonia generated by slurry evaporation. Therefore, even if the concentration of NH₄⁺ in the desulfurization slurry is quite low, a high level of NH₄⁺ was still contained in the fine particles at the outlet of the scrubber. When the accumulated NH₄⁺ in the desulfurization slurry was high enough, the WFGD system promoted the conversion of NH₃ to NH₄⁺ and increased the additional emission of primary NH₄⁺ aerosols. With the decline of the liquid/gas ratio and flue gas temperature, the removal efficiency of ammonia sulfate aerosols increased, and the NH₄⁺ emitted from entrainment and evaporation of the desulfurization slurry decreased. In addition, the volatile ammonia concentration after the WFGD system was reduced with the decrease of the NH₄⁺ concentration and pH values of the slurry.     

基于远程通讯技术的混动公交车SCR系统运行及NOx排放特征

SCR技术是降低包括常规、混合动力公交车在内的重型柴油车NO_x排放的重要手段.基于无线远程通讯技术,对杭州市秋冬季11辆实际运行的混合动力公交车SCR系统的运行和NO_x排放特性进行了研究.分别研究了混合动力公交车内燃机模式下车速及发动机运行工况和环境温度对SCR催化器后温度、尿素喷射量和SCR催化器后NO_x排放浓度的影响.结果表明,安装有SCR系统的混合动力公交车有(32.4±4)%的运行时间处于内燃机模式下,模式下平均有(26.9±11)%的运行时间SCR没有工作;SCR系统正常工作的混合动力公交车的NO_x平均减排率约为59%;SCR系统未达到运行要求而不工作和SCR催化器低温转化效率低是造成公交车NO_x排放较高的主要原因;当车速高于40 km·h-1时,SCR催化器后温度上升至230℃以上,SCR系统的工作比例和尿素喷射量上升的同时NO_x排放大幅下降;进入冬季,随着环境温度的降低,混合动力公交车SCR催化器出口温度降低的同时,平均尿素喷射量降低导致NO_x排放恶化.     

Evaluation of PCDD/F congener distributions in MWI flue gas treated with SCR catalysts

Partitioning of PCDD/F congeners between gaseous and particulate phases and removal efficiencies of the air pollution control devices (APCDs) for PCDD/Fs at an existing municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Taiwan are evaluated via stack sampling and analysis. The MWI investigated is equipped with electrostatic precipitators (EP), wet scrubbers (WS) and selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) as APCDs. The average PCDD/F concentration of stack gas is 1.49 ng/N m³, and the International Toxic Equivalent Quantity (I-TEQ) is 0.043 ng-I-TEQ/N m³. The EP increases PCDD/F concentration by 174.0% while the average removal efficiency of WS + SCR system for PCDD/Fs reaches 99.1%. In addition, the PCDF removal efficiency achieved with WS + SCR system (97.1–99.8%) is higher than that for PCDDs (96.5–99.3%). The results obtained on gas/particulate partitioning in flue gas indicate that the particulate-phase PCDD/Fs accounted for 65% at the inlet of EP, 20% at the outlet of EP and 50% at the stack, respectively, of the total PCDD/F concentrations. This study also indicates that as the chlorination level of PCDD/F congeners increases, the percentage of PCDD/Fs existing in gas phase decreases in all flue gas samples.     

金属有机骨架材料MOF-5利用C3H6选择性催化还原NO的研究

采用溶剂热法在不同温度（120、150、180℃）、不同时间（12、24、48 h）条件下制备MOF-5催化剂,利用热重分析仪（TG）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对其进行表征,研究不同条件下MOF-5样品的水热稳定性及特征官能团、化学键等指标.结果表明,利用溶剂热法制备的MOF-5样品稳定性良好,390℃结构开始坍塌.对比FT-IR、XRD等表征结果,选择图线形状最好、出峰位置最多的120℃、24 h条件下的MOF-5样品作为载体,对其进行了Cu的负载,负载量依次为1%、3%、5%.根据TG曲线,选择在MOF-5维持稳定结构、同时与尾气排放环境中的温度较为接近的350℃作为反应温度,利用傅立叶原位红外技术考察不同负载量的Cu-MOF-5在不同温度条件下对NO吸附能力大小、吸附过程中间物的变化情况,初步研究以C₃H₆作为还原剂时的富氧HC-SCR反应的机理.根据原位红外反应结果看出,NO₃^-、—CNO、—CN是重要的中间产物,且以3% Cu负载量的催化剂中间产物变化最为丰富,催化效果最优.     

一种SCR脱硝装置喷氨混合系统的结构优化设计

氮氧化合物是主要的大气污染物之一,已经成为我国大气污染控制的重点。SCR(selective catalytic reduction)烟气脱硝技术因其脱硝效率高、运行稳定而成为目前应用最为广泛的烟气脱硝技术。当前SCR烟气脱硝工程存在的主要问题之一是氨气的逃逸率过高,喷氨混合系统的混合强度和均匀度是影响氨气逃逸率的重要因素。针对该问题采用计算流体动力学的方法优化设计了一种SCR脱硝装置喷氨混合系统,采用该种喷氨混合系统可以有效提高氨气与烟气在催化剂表面的混合均匀度,使氨气与烟气中的氮氧化物在催化剂表面充分反应,有效降低氨气逃逸率,同时降低SCR脱硝工程成本。     

SCR脱硝机组空气预热器堵塞治理建议

燃煤机组安装SCR脱硝装置后,空气预热器堵塞成为普遍现象,严重影响机组的安全性、经济性。通过对空气预热器堵塞物成分分析,提出治理空气预热器堵塞技术路线,结合实际运行中出现的问题,探寻SCR脱硝机组氨逃逸率高、SO_3浓度高、排烟温度低的原因,并且分析这些因素对空气预热器堵塞程度的影响,建议从保持催化剂活性,确保NO_x浓度,氨逃逸率均匀分布,防止氨过喷,降低入炉煤含硫量,提高锅炉排烟温度等方面,综合治理空气预热器堵塞,并提出详细的建议。     

低温条件下烟气脱硫脱硝技术的研究与应用

摘 要:分析了我国工业锅炉、水泥玻璃窑炉、化工厂和酸洗设备面临的烟气脱硫脱硝难题,针对低温SCR催化剂开发情况和应用实例,介绍了我国低温SCR技术的发展;综述了活性焦法低温烟气脱硫脱硝工艺和湿法有机催化氧化烟气脱硫脱硝技术的工艺原理、流程和技术特点,并通过工程案例进行了运行经济评估。     

SO2/SO3对选择性催化还原烟气脱硝的影响研究

研究表明，燃料燃烧过程中不同的SO2/SO3转化率对选择性催化还原（ Selective Catalytic Reduction，SCR）烟气脱硝的最低运行温度影响大，温度变化幅度为10~15℃。对燃烧高硫煤锅炉的SCR烟气脱硝，应控制更低的SO2/SO3转化率；对燃烧低硫煤锅炉的SCR烟气脱硝，通过适当提高SO2/SO3转化率，最大催化剂用量可减少一半、烟气阻力降低一半，可大幅降低SCR烟气脱硝建设成本和运行成本。