火电厂降低NOx排放的技术研究

NOx是燃煤电厂烟气排放三大有害物（SO2、NOx及悬浮颗粒物TSP）之一。从污染角度考虑的氮氧化物主要是NO和NO2,统称为NOx。介绍了NOx的生成机理,即热力型NOx和燃料型NOx,前者由参与燃烧的空气中所含的N2生成,后者由燃料本身的氮元素生成。分析了低氮燃烧技术、SCR烟气脱硝技术、SNCR烟气脱硝技术及SCR＋SNCR组合式等NOx控制技术。其中,在燃烧过程中降低NOx生成的主要手段是采用分级燃烧,降低燃烧区域的氧浓度和降低火焰温度;在燃烧后可采用烟气处理技术降低烟气中的NOx含量。     

Experimental study on biomass advanced reburning for nitrogen oxides reduction

Advanced reburning (AR) is effective for nitrogen oxides (NO_x) reduction, which integrates the basic reburning (BR) with the injection of nitrogen agents and additive compounds. The basic reburning of poplar, cornstalk, wheat-straw and peanut shell, is studied on a boiler simulator facility (BSF). The influence of operating parameters and the synergistic effect of the injection of ammonia, urea or/and sodium carbonate on NO_x reduction are investigated. The results show that an efficiency of 54–67% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the basic reburning process under the optimum operating conditions and the efficiency would be increased if nitrogen agent is injected with the over-fire air or into the burnout zone. Further, co-injection of sodium carbonate with the nitrogen agent could make the NO_x reduction process more thorough. On the whole, 85–92% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the advanced reburning process with a reburning fuel heat input of 15–20%.     

Home composting as an alternative treatment option for organic household waste in Denmark: An environmental assessment using life cycle assessment-modelling

An environmental assessment of the management of organic household waste (OHW) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the waste-life cycle assessment (LCA) model EASEWASTE. The focus was on home composting of OHW in Denmark and six different home composting units (with different input and different mixing frequencies) were modelled. In addition, incineration and landfilling was modelled as alternatives to home composting. The most important processes contributing to the environmental impact of home composting were identified as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (load) and the avoided emissions in relation to the substitution of fertiliser and peat when compost was used in hobby gardening (saving). The replacement of fertiliser and peat was also identified as one of the most sensible parameters, which could potentially have a significant environmental benefit. Many of the impact categories (especially human toxicity via water (HTw) and soil (HTs)) were affected by the heavy metal contents of the incoming OHW. The concentrations of heavy metals in the compost were below the threshold values for compost used on land and were thus not considered to constitute a problem. The GHG emissions were, on the other hand, dependent on the management of the composting units. The frequently mixed composting units had the highest GHG emissions. The environmental profiles of the home composting scenarios were in the order of −2 to 16 milli person equivalents (mPE) Mg⁻¹ wet waste (ww) for the non-toxic categories and −0.9 to 28 mPE Mg⁻¹ ww for the toxic categories. Home composting performed better than or as good as incineration and landfilling in several of the potential impact categories. One exception was the global warming (GW) category, in which incineration performed better due to the substitution of heat and electricity based on fossil fuels.     

循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硝工艺

循环流化床锅炉（CFB）是目前常用工业锅炉之一,文章简介了CFB的特性、现状及其脱硫前景,结合现有的脱硝技术和工程应用实例,对循环流化床锅炉的烟气脱硝作了探讨和分析,提出了一些有针对性的烟气脱硝工艺。     

火电厂烟气脱硝技术探析

介绍了烟气脱硝技术中的选择性催化还原技术SCR、选择性非催化还原技术SNCR以及混合型SNCR-SCR三种工艺。在比较三种工艺的基础上得出前两者工艺的优势和不足以及当前火电厂使用SNCR-SCR混合型烟气脱硝技术较多的原因所在。     

水泥脱硝综合评估分析——以四川省某水泥企业为例

在分析四川省某水泥企业两条新型干法生产线分别采用低氮燃烧技术、SNCR烟气脱硝工程技术特点的基础上,评估了综合采用控制NO X措施后的运行效果,脱硝的经济技术可行性,并从NO X控制技术、环境管理、环境标准以及环境经济等方面提出相关的配套政策建议。     

SNCR技术在循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硝中的应用

概述了选择性非催化还原（SNCR）脱硝技术的工艺原理、特点、喷枪及影响因素。探讨了循环流化床锅炉进行烟气脱硝的必要性和可行性,并结合工程实践,分析了CFB锅炉SNCR脱硝系统的组成。     

烟气脱硝工艺及其化学反应机理

概述了工业固定源NOx的控制措施，包括燃烧过程控制和燃烧后减少NOx排放。介绍两种主要的烟气脱硝工艺SNCR和SCR的特点、布置及所要求的温度范围，正在商业化应用的SCR工艺的催化荆组成、活性组分及其他组分的作用。提出了这一催化体系中还需要进一步澄清的某些化学机理。     

选择性非催化还原法烟气脱氮氧化物工艺

详细地介绍了选择性非催化还原法（SNCR）烟气脱NOx，技术的基本原理、性能影响因素、SNCR系统流程及其主要组成。列举了某一燃煤电厂SNCR的主要设计参数。     

SNCR在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用与控制

大连垃圾焚烧发电项目采用SNCR控制的技术方案,实现了垃圾焚烧发电系统的脱硝。文章从脱硝系统的选择和控制方案进行了论述,阐述了采用氨水作为还原剂的SNCR系统在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用效果与经济成本。