水源水细菌SOS反应与模糊综合评判的比较

为探讨细菌学测试和化学测试两类方法在评价水源水有机物污染程度和潜在危害上的关系,用SOS显色法研究了珠江某自来水原水8个水样有机提取物诱导的细菌SOS反应,并用模糊综合评判法分析了水样的BOD、Hg 、Pb 、Cr等化学指标．两个水样诱导了大肠杆菌 PQ37的 SOS反应．比较水样对细菌的 SOS反应诱导系数与化学污染的模糊综合评判结果后显示, SOS显色法这一细菌学短期测试系统与化学测试方法对水质的定性评价具有一致性、互补性和差异性,模糊综合评判法的应用可作为比较和解释这两类不同测试系统的分析结果的一种途径．     

Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewaters by Pseudomonas putida mt-2: Toxicity Assessment of Untreated and Treated Effluent

Abstract The aim of this work was to examine the performance of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 in treating olive mill wastewater (OMW) effluent after dilution with sterilized water (33%, v/v) to reduce its bactericide effect. P. putida significantly reduced the color and phenolic compounds in OMW by 75% and 66%, respectively. Dissolved chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removals reached 85.3% and 92.5%, respectively. Genotoxicity of OMW, before and after biodegradation with P. putida mt-2, was evaluated in vitro, using SOS chromotest, and in vivo, in mouse bone marrow, by assessing the percentage of cells bearing different chromosome aberrations. Results indicated that OMW showed a significant ability to induce DNA damage, evaluated by SOS and chromosome aberration assay systems. This toxicity was imputed to the presence of phenolic compounds of OMW. However, the toxicity of OMW was significantly reduced after 48?h of aerobic incubation with P. putida mt-2. The present study demonstrates that P...     

Evaluation of an SOS-Chromotest-based approach for the isolation and detection of sediment-associated genotoxins

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate an approach advanced by the St. Lawrence Centre (SLC) of Environment Canada for assessing the genotoxic potential of sediments. The SLC method entails the extraction, isolation and solvent exchange of the organic constituents in sediment, and the testing of these solubilized extracts with the SOS Chromotest (Escherichia coli PQ37). A total of five sediments, three variously contaminated by organic compounds and two reference materials certified for persistent organic chemicals, were Soxhlet-extracted. Each of the five extracts was then split, with a portion remaining in crude form and another portion fractionated into two molecular-weight classes of organic contaminants, thus yielding a total of 15 extract samples. The ability of the SOS Chromotest to detect genotoxins in the various organic extracts was evaluated and compared with that of the Ames Fluctuation Assay (Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100). The intra-laboratory variance associated with the SOS Chromotest was also assessed. Procedural details are presented and results are discussed. The SOS Chromotest results were in good agreement with those of the Ames Fluctuation Assay, especially after metabolic activation. However, the E. coli PQ37 system was slightly more sensitive than the Salmonella assay for detecting genotoxins in the sediment extracts. The SOS Chromotest was also the most discriminating of the two assays, generating SOS-induction factors that were consistent with the organic contamination gradient reported in the sediment samples. The removal of macromolecules from the dichloromethane extracts by size-exclusion chromatography prior to testing enhanced the sensitivity of both test systems. The intra-laboratory variance of the SOS Chromotest ranged from 0.24% to 23.82%, depending on the extract sample. As applied in this study, the SOS Chromotest can serve as a sensitive test for screening the genotoxic potential of uncharacterized sediment extracts. A more sensitive assay would be appropriate, however, as a confirmation for definitive investigations, especially for the detection of direct-acting genotoxins.     

模拟真空辐照环境对Ames和SOS标准菌株的影响

利用空间低能综合辐照实验设备对Ames标准菌株TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102和SOS显色反应标准菌株PQ37进行真空辐照处理,研究航天器内真空辐照环境对微生物的影响.通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)和SOS显色法对航天器内的真空辐照环境的致突变作用进行生物学评价.研究结果显示,模拟航天器的真空...     

太湖周边典型区域水体污染的遗传毒性研究

 应用SOS/umu法对太湖周边12个典型区域水体的遗传毒性进行研究,结果表明:各采样点水样的遗传毒性诱导率IR与提取物的水样体积呈较明显的剂量-效应关系,其中,T1、T2、T3、T7、T8、T9、T10水样提取物有遗传毒性效应;各区域水体遗传毒性随水情期大小排序为:汛前期>汛期,对于污染源较稳定的区域,水体遗传毒性在各水期变化较小.     

基于umu遗传毒性效应的饮用水致癌风险评价的尝试

化学物质暴露是导致癌症发生的重要诱因,通过饮用水暴露导致的人类致癌风险在饮用水处理技术中日益引起重视.由于水中化学物质种类繁多、组成复杂,准确地检测每个致癌物质的浓度和毒性非常困难.为了控制饮用水的安全,根据DNA损伤诱导SOS反应而表达umuC基因这一基本原理建立的SOS/umu测试法,已经广泛应用于饮用水遗传毒性的检测.论文建立了基于umu遗传毒性效应的饮用水致癌风险评价方法,并对北方某水厂饮用水的遗传毒性进行了umu测试,计算了该地区饮用水的致癌风险,提出了可能的饮用水遗传毒性基准值.结果表明,该水厂常规工艺出水的致癌风险均值为1.55×10-6,存在一定的安全隐患;而深度处理工艺能有效地削减出水致癌风险均值至5.3×10-7,达到目前先进国家水质管理的要求,保障了饮用水的安全.样品中4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-NQO)的等当量浓度(TEQ4-NQO)0.0948μg·L-1可作为饮用水遗传毒性基准值。     

用SOS/Umu生物测试评价北方某自来水厂对遗传毒性物质的去除效果

大量研究表明,饮用水中存在着能导致遗传毒性的物质,在我国许多水厂水质检测能力有限的前提下,生物毒性指标作为反映有毒物质综合指标具有重要的现实意义.本研究应用SOS/Umu生物毒性测试评价了北方某市一自来水厂的A、B、C、D 4套试验工艺在不同的季节(冬春两季)各工艺段出水的遗传毒性效应.结果显示,冬春两季地表水加氯后遗传毒性效应均显著增加,冬季间接遗传毒性效应高于春季;活性炭吸附对去除遗传毒性物质效果显著,但后期加氯使遗传毒性效应增加;冬春两季比较,以及地下水和地表水比较,各工艺出水的遗传毒性效应差别很大.通过研究表明,本研究所应用的生物毒性测试SOS/Umu能够快速、准确地对水厂工艺过程中致突变物质的处理效果进行评价,能对工艺改进提出指导,是自来水质安全性评价的重要补充手段.     

淮河流域安徽段水体成组生物毒性评价

在淮河流域安徽段某区域采集了3个地表水样和12个地下水样,通过大型溞急性毒性(活动抑制)、微核及SOS/umu试验,分析了这些水样的急性毒性及遗传毒性。结果表明,急性毒性测试中,该区域地表水及大部分地下水的急性毒性均未超过US EPA废水排放毒性的控制要求(0.3 TU),有2个位点的地下水样毒性当量为0.31 TU,超过限值;经t-test分析,地表水的急性毒性显著高于地下水。SOS/umu检测中,2个地表水样和7个地下水样的结果呈阳性,表现出DNA损伤效应,其诱导率IR在(2.20±0.063)~(3.36±0.067)之间,对应的致癌风险P基本处在10-6~10-7水平。微核检测结果表明,3个地表水样具有较严重的染色体损伤效应,9个地下水样表现为阴性。总之,该区域地表水急性毒性及遗传毒性相对较高;部分浅层地下水也存在一定程度的急性毒性和遗传毒性,致癌风险处在可接受范围,但仍可能对周围居民的健康产生潜在威胁;而深层地下水没有检测到任何毒性效应。研究为周边居民饮水安全和人体健康提供了基础信息。     

用SOS/umu试验评价降雨径流遗传毒性的变化

通过SOS/umu试验分析检测屋面和道路在2017年5、6月2场降雨过程中的遗传毒性变化。结果表明,从降雨初期到结束,在5月份屋面产生降雨径流2 h内和道路产生径流20 min内雨水样品的检测结果均呈阳性,诱导率IR均大于2,表现出DNA损伤效应;在6月份屋面产生降雨径流60 min内和道路产生径流10~60 min内雨水样品的结果均呈阳性,表现出遗传毒性。2场降雨中屋面和道路雨水样品的TEQ4-NQO均随降雨时间先增加后逐渐减小,5月份屋面雨水样品的毒性大于路面雨水样品的毒性,6月份则相反。遗传毒性分析降雨径流中污染物毒性的变化为雨水的安全利用提供理论基础。     

SOS法检测环境中遗传毒物的应用和研究

随着社会工业化水平的日益提高,从各种渠道进入环境中的化学污染物的种类和数量也在急剧增加,污染物中不少具有致突变性、致畸性和致癌性,其存在能直接影响到人类的健康和安全,急需发展更为灵敏、经济和快速的检测方法来确定遗传毒物在环境中的存在和数量.在近年来建立的各种生物检测系统中,SOS 检测法以其独特的生物学原理和准确性而受到重视.本文从 SOS 法的原理、分类及优缺点等方面综述了其应用于环境检测的研究进展.