丹江口库区及其上游流域水质污染特征及评价

根据丹江口库区及其上游河流5个区域42个断面2012-2013年的水质监测数据,采用主成分分析法确定主要污染因子及权重,对不同流域的水质进行综合评价。第一主成分包括总氮、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数,第二主成分为氟化物、粪大肠菌群,第三主成分为化学需氧量;其权重分别为5．022,2．256,1．508。评价结果表明,湖北十堰市和丹江口市流域水环境污染相对较重,其次为河南南阳市、陕西商洛市、陕西安康市以及陕西汉中市流域。     

上海市浦东新区大气降水化学组分及其相关性分析

依据上海市浦东新区2010—2015年2个代表性采样点的142份监测数据,对降水中的化学组成及各组分间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,监测期间单次降雨的pH值为3.85~6.09,平均值为5.09,属硫酸型/硝酸型复合污染酸雨。其中SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-为主要离子,平均值分别为4.55和3.31 mg/L。通过SPSS统计分析得出,人类生活和生产过程以及海洋源是浦东新区大气降水化学组分的主要来源,但仍存在不同的区域特征。     

“3·29”液氯泄漏事故的疏散通知过程调查研究

为了提高毒气泄漏事故的疏散通知效率,研究疏散通知传播的基本过程及影响因素。以"3.29"液氯泄漏事故为典型案例,采用调查问卷和访谈相结合的方式对参与疏散的人员展开疏散通知情况调查,并利用SPSS软件进行影响因素的相关性验证。结果表明:在疏散通知过程中多种通知方式同时使用,村委会干部、民警和消防队员的通知更能促使公众选择疏散行动;人员接到通知后并不是立即采取疏散行动,通常会基于他人的行动和环境的变化来决定自己的行为;可以忽略性别、年龄、教育程度3因素的影响,而环境和视觉因素以及疏散通知的内容对于疏散准备时间有显著影响。合理选用疏散通知方式、提高通知内容的质量有助于疏散通知的传播。     

Public acceptance potential for reuse applications in Turkey

The water reuse applications are becoming increasingly important in Turkey due to fresh water scarcity problems. However, the success of reuse practices depends on the public's acceptance. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the public awareness, and the potential for acceptance, of reuse applications in Turkey by way of a survey carried out for this purpose. 500 questionnaires were sent to different regions of Turkey and 375 of them were returned. The study indicated that both women and men have concerns about usage of wastewater, especially regarding the use of treated wastewater as drinking water. Results also showed that the area of greatest concern among the public is the health risks associated with recycled water. Respondents of both genders felt that treated wastewater reuse for applications not involving close personal contact was acceptable, due to reduced health risk concerns. On the other hand, the cost of reclamation is another major public concern.     

黑龙江省城市生态系统的生态安全研究

城市作为人口高度聚集的人工生态系统,其安全具有脆弱性.本文利用SPSS统计软件统计计算,从选取关键因子入手,采用因子分析方法和聚类分析方法,研究了黑龙江省12座城市生态系统的生态安全,通过因子得分和聚类分级结果得出结论:牡丹江排名第一位,生态安全程度较高;而作为黑龙江省中心城市的哈尔滨生态安全程度却较差,但提高潜力很大.通过分析,针对黑龙江省的实际状况,提出了有针对性的对策.     

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

Poor biodegradability and insufficient carbon source are discovered from influent. Influent indices presented positively normal distribution or skewed distribution. Average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin was as high as 0.458 kWh/m³. Energy consumption increases with the increase in influent volume and COD reduction. The total energy consumption decreases with the NH₃-N reduction. The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods. The influent ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total nitrogen (TN) of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), suspended solid (SS), and total phosphorus (TP) showed positively skewed distribution. The influent BOD₅/COD was 0.4%–0.6%, only 39.2% SS/BOD₅ exceeded the standard by 36.3%, the average BOD₅/TN was 3.82, and the probability of influent BOD₅/TP>20 was 82.8%. The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m³. The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5 × 10⁴ m³ in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m³. A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH₃-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction, and the higher the pollutant reduction is, the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents. In addition, a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction. Therefore, upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.     

环境监测数据分析和监测网设计中SPSS 10.0的应用

SPSS10.0是目前功能齐全、便于应用的优秀统计软件。文章介绍了该软件在环境监测数据分析和监测网设计中的应用。文中简述了该软件的功能及优点，并通过实例，展示其在环境监测数据分析和监测网设计中的应用，这对于优化监测数据分析结果和监测网的设计均有较好的借鉴作用。     

基于SPSS软件对大学生寝室用电安全意识的分析 ——以四川师范大学为例

为探究大学生寝室用电安全意识的现状及分析性别和年级两个变量对其的影响,本文采用问卷调查的方法对大学生进行调查。调查步骤分为预试问卷编制、预试、问卷可靠度分析、正式问卷确定和正式调查。利用SPSS24.0软件对调查结果进行独立样本t检验、单因子独立样本变异数分析(ANOVA分析)等操作,使分析结果更加科学和准确。最终得出结论:大学生寝室用电安全意识在安全认知知识方面较为深刻,在安全认知体验方面有一定的察觉能力,在安全认知监测方面还急需加强学习。另外,性别因素对安全意识有一定影响,年级因素对安全意识没有显著影响。并根据以上结论提出提了高大学生用电安全意识的对策。     

Fisher判别法在煤与瓦斯突出危险程度预测中的应用

为了提高煤与瓦斯突出的预测精度,根据煤与瓦斯突出的综合作用假说,选取开采深度、瓦斯压力、瓦斯放散初速度、煤的普氏系数以及煤体破坏类型作为判别指标。利用国内典型突出矿井20个实测数据作为训练样本,建立煤与瓦斯突出危险程度预测的Fisher判别分析模型,并应用于其他待判样本的预测。结果表明:Fisher判别分析模型能够反映多因素对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,分类性能良好,误判率低,借助SPSS软件实现,具有计算简单的特点,是煤与瓦斯突出预测的一种有效方法。     

Characterization of an urban landfill soil by using physicochemical analysis and solid phase microextraction (SPME)—GC/MS

We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site in Eskişehir/Turkey for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in Turkey, regarding particularly the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/MS, was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (δHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted using a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 μm (Supelco) as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50^˚C) before a 30 min. sampling period.