Implications of Land Use Changes on Carbon Dynamics and Sequestration—Evaluation from Forestry Datasets, India

Forests and soils are a major sink of carbon, and land use changes can affect the magnitude of above ground and below ground carbon stores and the net flux of carbon between the land and the atmosphere. Studies on methods for examining the future consequences of changes in patterns of land use change and carbon flux gains importance, as they provide different options for CO₂ mitigation strategies. In this study, a simulation approach combining Markov chain processes and carbon pools for forests and soils has been implemented to study the carbon flows over a period of time. Markov chains have been computed by converting the land use change and forestry data of India from 1997 to 1999 into a matrix of conditional probabilities reflecting the changes from one class at time t to another class time t+1. Results from Markov modeling suggested Indian forests as a potential sink for 0.94 Gt carbon, with an increase in dense forest area of about 75.93 Mha and decrease of about 3.4 Mha and 5.0 Mha in open and scrub forests, if similar land use changes that occurred during 1997–1999 would continue. The limiting probabilities suggested 34.27 percent as dense forest, 6.90 as open forest, 0.4 percent mangrove forest, 0.1 percent scrub and 58 percent as non-forest area. Although Indian forests are found to be a potential carbon sink, analysis of results from transition probabilities for different years till 2050 suggests that, the forests will continue to be a source of about 20.59 MtC to the atmosphere. The implications of these results in the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure on open and scrub forests and their contribution to carbon source from land use change and forestry sector are discussed. Some of the mitigation aspects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land use change and forestry sector in India are also reviewed in the study.     

论三峡库区城市污水、垃圾处理市场化

论述了用市场化模式解决三峡库区城市污水处理场和垃圾处理场的建设和运营问题，并提出了市场化的总体架构。     

青藏铁路的环境与安全

概述了青藏铁路线的环境特征，立足于青藏铁路及其周边环境构成一个相互影响的系统，重点分析了青藏高原环境对青藏铁路安全的危害和铁路建设与运营对环境构成的负面影响，并针对两个方面分别提出了相应的对策，对促进铁路安全保障和环境保护具有积极的意义。     

清洁生产技术在建筑陶瓷工业中的应用研究

清洁生产已成为当今的一种世界潮流，被公认为是实现社会可持续发展的唯一途径。本对建筑陶瓷生产比重较高的江西省高安市的建筑陶瓷业进行了一次全面的清洁生产调查，分析了建筑陶瓷传统的生产工艺流程及产品中存在的各种污染问题及环境问题，根据清洁生产的特征和实施原则，建筑陶瓷工业采用各种途径实施清洁生产，并取得了显成效。     

车用三效催化剂的研究进展

三效催化剂是机外治理机动车尾气污染最常采用的有效方法，车用三效催化剂已发展到第4代。目前车用三效催化剂的研究主要集中在：开发稀燃型三效催化剂和紧耦合三效催化剂及发展三效催化剂低温冷起燃技术等。国内应以稀土添加少量贵金属的三效催化剂为主要研究方向，开发适合我国现状的车用净化催化剂技术。     

运用“12345”安全文化系统工程追求长久的安全效应

通过安全生产的理论和实践活动相结合 ,笔者从一个行业出发 ,阐述了安全文化系统工程 ,概括、总结并创建了以“1个严为特征、2个抓为重点、3项工作为途径、4个规范为核心、5个开展为动力”的“12 345”安全文化系统工程 ,以系统思维、以人为本、科学管理的思想 ,论述了“12 345”安全文化系统工程的形成过程 ,为安全工作系统化、科学化、规范化和丰富安全文化的内容 ,追求长久的安全效应 ,提供了新的思路和方法。     

论动态安全评价

指出了静态安全评价存在的问题 ,提出了动态安全评价的概念、思路、方法和步骤 ,给出了动态的组合危险值、工程量危险值、事故损失率和安全指数的表达式。动态安全评价可以克服静态安全评价的不足 ,还能发挥安全评价对风险预测、事故预防 ,提高安全管理水平的重要作用。     

山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性评价与安全防护技术

山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性对道路交通安全具有重要影响 ,阐述了进行挖方边坡的稳定性评价和安全防护的必要性 ,提出了评价原则、工作程序、评价方法及系列安全防护技术。得出了关于山区高速公路挖方边坡的稳定性评价和安全防护的几点认识。     

坨一站稳定压缩机泵房噪声治理

根据油气集输泵站稳定压缩机泵房噪声污染的现状，提出了采用空间吸声体降低噪声和采用田声降低噪声的技术方案，分析了实施后的效果和推广应用前景。