BLEVE: Safety distances estimation by simple models based on the Jakob number

One of the most important points in the design of inherently safe processes is to estimate reliable distances among process units at preliminary stages of the plant project to minimize losses and damages caused by the potential occurrence of technological accidents. Therefore, in this paper the achievement of simple, general, dimensionless and reliable equations (Simple Dimensionless Models SDMs) for the direct estimation of safety distances considering the occurrence of BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) event, is proposed. The developed models directly relate safety distances with critical design/operation variables (involved substance, vessel volume, target vulnerability and explosion temperature), which are easily accessible at early stages of the plant project. SDMs are achieved by analysing the influence of these simple variables on the safety distances, which are estimated using a selected rigorous model (Reference Model R_fM). This task is simplified by the incorporation of the Jakob Number as an input variable, allowing to obtain dimensionless models and simultaneously an adequate representation of the explosion conditions and the involved substances. As result, the achieved SDMs demonstrate a particularly good fit with respect to the R_fM estimations and, at the same time, reliability and versatility. As it is shown in the analysed study cases (involving critical decision variables for the process design and the system safety), the SDMs prove to be also accurate, general, and easily incorporable into more complex optimization problems (QRA analysis, design of emergency plans, safety distance estimation to minimize the probability of domino effects, optimal layout designs, among others).     

声屏障系统设计探讨

对声屏障设计,尤其是封闭式声屏障的设计作了分析与探讨,系统地分析了声屏障设计过程中需要考虑的问题,以及跨专业的综合应用,将封闭式声屏障的系统化设计进行了总结。该总结分析对道路声屏障设计,尤其是对城市内封闭式声屏障的设计具有较大的参考与借鉴意义。     

HACCP原理在某醋酸装置职业病防控中的应用

目的运用危害分析与关键控制点原理对某新建醋酸装置进行职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨HACCP原理应用于建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价的科学性和实用性。方法通过对某醋酸装置的工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素;并依据职业病危害因素检测和健康检查结果,分析其危害程度。运用HACCP原理,找出职业病危害控制的关键控制点,提出预防控制技术,并验证其效果。结果检测结果显示醋酸充装站、醋酸泵、醋酸精馏塔采样口醋酸浓度超标,醋酸外操岗位8h等效连续A声级超过85dB(A)。结论 HACCP可以运用到化工企业职业病危害防控中,为预防、控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。     

我国PM_(2.5)污染控制策略及环境影响评价的应对建议

分析了PM2.5对人体健康的危害以及我国PM2.5的污染现状,随后对我国和部分其它国家PM2.5的标准值进行了对比,最后从环境管理的角度出发,提出了PM2.5的控制策略,包括建立灰霾预警机制、强化源头控制、进行区域联防联控等。为了从源头控制PM2.5污染,在环境影响评价工作中,导则体系应增加PM2.5指标,环评中应加强PM2.5现状监测,重视战略环评的区域控制作用,并在项目环评中开展PM2.5影响评价。     

东北老工业区环境与经济可持续发展的研究

为保证我国东北老工业区的社会、经济、环境全面协调可持续发展,从东北老工业区的概况,社会、经济、环境问题的现状入手,对其社会系统、经济系统和环境系统在地区发展中面临的困境和主要问题进行了分析;立足于系统科学的角度,从社会、经济、环境3个系统方面,为东北老工业区提出了协调可持续发展的宏观建议。     

The Structuration of Public Participation: Organizing Environmental Control

A growing body of participation literature muses over why current mechanisms of public participation persist when they so often fail; calls for expanding the conceptual boundaries of participation beyond institutional mechanisms, and highlights the role communication, and allied concepts such as discourse and rhetoric, play in participatory processes. Given these diverse calls, environmental public participation can benefit from building a mid-level theoretical terrain. In this essay, I draw upon the sociological tradition of Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and parallel systems thinking which foreground a structure-action mode of analysis. Through this lens I articulate the basic premises of a structuration model for environmental public participation, pointing especially to issues of agency, which involves ontological security and ontological competence, social systems, and various elements within duality of structure, with an eye toward communication-centered research. This theoretical space further indicates the possibilities of connecting the material realm of action/practice with the symbolic domain of environmental self.     

Safety Ⅱ学术思想的科学传播研究*

为全面了解Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播情况,采集Web of Science数据库中284篇引用Safety Ⅱ学术著作的论文,采用科学计量和知识网络的方法,分析Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播时间趋势、传播主体分布、传播领域与期刊以及传播的热点主题分布。研究结果表明:Safety Ⅱ学术思想在传播时间上呈线性增长趋势;核心传播区域为英格兰、美国、澳大利亚、挪威和意大利;核心传播机构为挪威斯塔万格大学、荷兰代尔夫特理工大学以及罗马第一大学;核心传播者为Saurin Tarcisio Abreu、Hollnagel Erik以及Patriarca Riccardo;Safety Ⅱ传播的核心领域为工业工程、运筹管理科学、人机工程学、应用心理学以及健康护理科学与服务等领域;Safety Ⅱ传播的主题为“韧性与功能共振”、“病患安全”、“事故与人的失误”、“安全与风险管理”、“社会技术系统与人的因素”以及“安全风险的评估”6大方向。研究结果对我国安全科学理论与实践的发展有重要作用。     

重庆三峡库区饮用水安全存在的问题与对策研究

饮用水源的污染以及常规的水处理工艺去除污染的局限性等原因，使库区人民健康正面临日益严重的威胁。结合三峡库区特殊的自然条件和社会经济发展水平，本文分析了库区饮用水安全存在的问题，并提出供水水质安全保障对策，即加强水污染控制，保护水源安全；采用先进、适用的净水技术；控制生活饮用水的二次污染，为库区构建新型的安全饮用水保障体系。     

几种大气预测模式预测结果比较分析

估算模式、AERMOD模式系统、ADMS模式系统均是HJ2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》中推荐的大气预测模式,为探求此3种大气预测模式预测结果的大小关系规律,选用估算模式、AERMOD模式系统、ADMS模式系统,在简单地形和复杂地形两种条件下,结合一般工业类环评项目中常见的点源、面源案例,对不同预测模式的大气预测结果进行比较分析,得出相应的规律,对环评工作中进一步预测模式的选用具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

我国城市公交全面电力化的战略思考

近两年来,雾霾天气不断侵扰我国,尽管有关部门和各级政府采取了一系列措施,仍难产生立竿见影的效果。能否积极有效地改善环境质量特别是改善城市空气质量是考验我国生态环境治理体系和治理能力的重大课题。本文提出了将城市公交全面电力化作为突破口的有益思考。