Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?—A case study in Changzhou City,China

As an environmental friendly measure for surface runoff reduction, low impact development (LID) has been applied successfully in urban areas. However, due to high price of land and additional expense for LID construction in highly urbanized areas, the developers of real estate would not like to proceed LID exploitation. Floor area ratio (FAR) refers to “the ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built.” Increasing FAR indicates that the developers can construct higher buildings and earn more money. By means of awarding FAR, the developers may be willing to practice LID construction. In this study, a new residential district is selected as a case study to analyze the tradeoff between the runoff reduction goal achieving by LID practices and the incentive of awarding FAR to promote LID construction. The System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN) model is applied to simulate the runoff reduction under various LID designs and then derive the Pareto-optimal solutions to achieve urban runoff reduction goals based on cost efficiency. The results indicates that the maximum surface runoff reduction is 20.5%. Under the extremity scenarios, the government has options to award FAR of 0.028, 0.038 and 0.047 and the net benefits developers gain are 0 CNY, one million CNYand two million CNY, respectively. The results provide a LID construction guideline related to awarding FAR, which supports incentive policy making for promoting LID practices in the highly urbanized areas.

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广东省排污许可制的实践与思考

广东省是全国排污许可全覆盖任务最重的省份,其固定污染源数量居全国首位。本文系统梳理了广东省在排污许可管理实践中的经验做法,并在此基础上分析排污许可制度改革面临的问题,从"一证式"管理角度出发,提出进一步做好制度落实的思考与建议,为构建以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管体系提供参考和借鉴。     

发挥供销系统网络优势 延伸餐厨废弃物资源利用的思考

对处于国家中心城市地位的广州来说,随着城市人口、经济社会不断发展,尤其随着餐饮行业的蓬勃发展,日产餐厨废弃物近1万t,如不妥善合理处理,将对城市环境和城市管理造成极大压力。无论是焚烧、填埋、还是生化处理模式,餐厨废弃物资源化处理后产品的出路都没有得到有效解决。广州供销社系统在产业链后端延伸方面具有我国任何社会组织无法比拟的优势,是解决餐厨废弃物资源化产品深加工出路的重要力量。除了发挥供销社网络优势外,仍需要政府在政策、土地、资金等方面的大力支持,共同推进,才能实现餐厨废弃物"由餐桌中来,加工调制后再到农田中去,生产出来的有机食品再回到餐桌"的真正循环。     

基于ArcView的空间型苏州河环境信息系统原型研究

根据流域污染源调查的大量第一手资料,依据GIS开发设计中原型法的思想,以结构化系统分析为主要技术路线,以ArcView为主要软件平台,采用面向对象的编程语言Avenue所开发的苏州河环境综合整治管理信息系统,探讨了系统开发中的主要技术问题,包括确立系统开发的构想与目标、系统分析与设计、系统开发、系统应用等。笔者认为,流域环境管理信息系统的建立将为苏州河环境综合整治的规划与管理提供高效、科学的信息支持,从而提高规划与管理的水平。      

谈安全评价及其方法

概括了安全评价的定义和作用,详细地论述了两种定量的安全评价方法——指数法和概率法,简单介绍了我国安全评价工作的发展和存在的问题。     

强化外委工程安全管理

武钢第二炼钢厂强化外委工程的安全管理,收到良好效果。     

Risk taking and accident frequency among Finnish forestry workers

The results of previous studies on the relationship between risk taking and accidents have been contradictory. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between risk taking and accident frequency among Finnish forestry workers. The subjects were 228 forestry workers whose risk taking was measured on a questionnaire with 25 items. The accident frequency was calculated based on both company-recorded and self-reported accidents. There were no significant relationships between risk taking and accident frequency. Even after elimination of age and work experience by partial correlations, there was no significant correlation between risk taking and accident frequency. Of the personality traits of the forestry workers, impulsiveness and neuroticism correlated significantly with risk taking but not with accident frequency. Two explanations for the failure to find significant correlation between risk taking and accident frequency are given.     

Optimal feed profile for a second order reaction in a semi-batch reactor under safety constraints: Experimental study

Maximising the yield of the second order reaction (2-butanol+propionic anhydride) by manipulating the inlet flow rate is considered for an isothermal semi-batch process. First a procedure for the determination of the kinetic parameters using coupled spectroscopic and calorimetric methods is presented. Then an optimisation of the reaction system is performed numerically and verified experimentally. Constraints on the amount of heat produced and on the temperature attainable in the case of cooling failure are imposed for safety consideration.     

我国部分保健与安全活动经济代价的初步评价

社会中的许多卫生保健活动都需要在经济代价和人的安全健康之间作出权衡。这种权衡往往需要确定危害人们健康和安全的经济价值。笔者从人力资本和支付意愿两个方面,对我国卫生、环保、安全有关的经济数据进行了评价分析。在人力资本方面,考虑了人均终生的国民生产总值、国民收入、消费水平、职工工资、城乡居民收入。在支付意愿方面,考虑了医疗救治的费用、社会保险费用、司法赔偿、职业劳动保护费用、降低辐射危害的费用以及政府采用数值等。根据这些分析评价,笔者建议：我国卫生保健有关的人的社会经济价值,若以１９９０ 年可比价格计算,分布在（９～４０）万元之间,适中的估计为２０ 万元。     

简论安全管理的警示职能——墨菲定律的启示

通过对墨菲定律的研究,得到两点启示,进而论证了安全管理必须发挥警示职能的科学道理,同时也表明了发挥警示职能对于提高安全管理水平的重要作用