风险学与安全减灾─—从参加“风险科学与管理”国际研讨会谈起

阐述建立风险学的重要性，探讨了开展安全减灾风险评价与管理的关键问题。概要介绍国内外风险水平的表征、识别方法及指标体系，并提出风险管理的基本原则。引入风险地图、危机管理、风险数学、应急与预警等现代概念及方法，基本反映了在瑞典召开的“新区开发中的风险科学与管理”国际会议的内容。     

广深准高速铁路安全管理模式探讨

广深准高速铁路的开通运营，以及广深铁路公司股份制改造，从客观上要求改革与优化铁路安全管理体制，建工新的铁路安全管理模式。本文构造了广深铁路安全管理模式，满足国家确定的“企业负责，行业管理，国家监察，群众监督”的安全工作体制要求，引入风险管理，实行事故保险，提出应该以安全文化作为新模式的软件，优化新的安全管理体制。     

建筑安全技术的历史,现状与发展

从人与自然的相互关系，讨论了在发展生产的必须重视保护人类自身和生存环境，就我国建筑安全技术的现状，论述了发展科学技术是改善建筑安全技术最根本的途径，提出了当前普遍存在的安全技术在问题和需要完善的建筑施工安全法规。     

试论起重机械安全检查标准

根据起重机械可能发生的事故和特点，制定具体的检查标准，对于施工现场安全管理工作具有比较实际的指导意义。本文重点对起重机械特别是塔吊的安全检查，探讨了常规、特殊检查标准；年度、月度、日检查标准；塔吊的金属结构、机械、电气、液压系统等方面的检查标准。并介绍了简单的检查方法。     

论区域环境规划与区域开发环境影响评价在区域开发环境管理中的作用和地位

回顾了国内外区域开发环境管理的发展历程，简要论述了区域环境规划与区域开发环境影响评价在区域开发环境管理中的作用和地位以及两者的相互关系。     

风险学与安全减灾─—从参加“风险科学与管理”国际研讨会谈起

阐述建立风险学的重要性，探讨了开展安全减灾风险评价与管理的关键问题。概要介绍国内外风险水平的表征、识别方法及指标体系，并提出风险管理的基本原则。引入风险地图、危机管理、风险数学、应急与预警等现代概念及方法，基本反映了在瑞典召开的“新区开发中的风险科学与管理”国际会议的内容。     

建立我国重大事故预防控制体系之探讨

简述了我国重大工业事故发生的主要原因，提出了建立重大事故预防控制体系的建议，制定《重大事故预防和控制法》，实行重大危险源上报、登记、评价、分级监察管理，建立国家、省、市三级重大事故应急反应系统和重大危险源动态监控网络系统。     

易燃易爆重大危险源安全监测系统校验的等周期数学模型

按照校验费和损失费最小以及有效度最大的原则分别给出了安全监测系统校验的等周期模型。当安全监测系统的无故障工作时间服从威布尔分布时，给出了模型的解法。     

An evaluation of resource inventory and monitoring program used in national forest planning

The National Forest Management Act (1976) specifies that multiresource inventories be conducted to provide baseline data for development and, later, monitoring of national forest management plans. This mandate entails the most ambitious and complex resource planning effort ever attempted. In this paper we evaluate the structure and use of current inventory-monitoring programs and recommend a framework for gathering data to improve national forest planning. Current national guidelines are general and provide only basic directions to forest-level planners. Forest inventories have traditionally concentrated on timber. Although these inventories are often well designed, the questions we are now asking about forest resources have outgrown these methods. Forest management is impeded by general confusion over definitions of resources and the interactions among them. We outline a simple classification scheme that centers on identification of basic ecosystem elements that can be readily measured. Furthermore, spatial and temporal scales must be considered in the design of inventory-monitoring programs. The concept of ecological indicators is reviewed, and caution is advised in their use. Inventory-monitoring programs should be goal-directed and based on as rigorous a statistical design as possible. We also review fundamental issues of variable selection, validation, and sampling bias. We conclude by developing a flexible inventory-monitoring program that is designed to provide information on individual characteristics of the environment, rather than being based on fixed definitions of resources.     

WATER MARKETS AND DECENTRALIZED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES1

ABSTRACT: Because of its importance and the perceived inability of private sector sources to meet water demands, many countries have depended on the public sector to provide water services for their populations. Yet this has resulted in many inefficient public water projects and in inadequate supplies of good quality and reliable water. Decentralization of water management, including the use of water markets, cannot solve all of these water problems, but it can improve the efficiency of water allocation. When given adequate responsibility and authority, water user associations have effectively taken over water management activities at a savings to tax payers. Moreover, water markets add the potential benefit of improving water efficiency within a sector as well as providing a mechanism for reallocating water among sectors. The key question involves developing innovative mechanisms for reducing the transaction costs of organizing water users and of making water trades. Water rights need to be established which are recorded, tradable, enforceable, and separate from land if markets are to operate effectively. Also, institutions are needed that effectively resolve conflicts over water rights, including third party impacts and water quality concerns.