An investigation of lifting operations on UK construction sites

Lifting operations and associated equipment have become commonplace within the UK construction industry. However, recent high profile accidents involving lifting equipment have shown that the result of its misuse can have serious cost and health implications.The main aim of the research was to investigate lifting operations on construction sites exploring different options, their effectiveness, and their effect on safety. This research looked into the processes in place; the factors that have to be taken into consideration when placing and using lifting equipment; and the competent persons required when operating equipment. With these aims, literature review was conducted. This was followed by investigation on three construction sites. These case studies were enhanced through interviews with general site staff, managerial staff, and appointed persons.The findings revealed six main points to improve safety in lifting operations. These are: through planning; training; equipment selection, use and inspection; feedback/communication; appointed person’s role; and database. Thorough planning of lifting operations has positive effects on safety. There is need for tighter accreditation of all qualifications in the lifting operations field. The charter of major lifting equipment from specialist contractors should be considered as industry best practise. Companies should avoid authoritarian working culture to facilitate efficient feedback to improve safety. The appointed person should have site based role. Site inspections and maintenance should be monitored on a national database form.Practitioners can benefit from this paper as it provides information on experiences from three construction sites. Furthermore, researchers can use the findings for their future studies.     

易燃易爆工艺管线焊接缺陷安全评定——上海石化总厂工艺管线的安全评定及其缺陷的返修技术

本文以断裂力学为基础,以“合乎使用”为原则并依据流变应力理论,通过有效地解决无损检测,应力分析、缺陷分类及验收准则等方面所遇到的若干技术问题,对管道焊接缺陷进行了安全评定,正确地区分了严重缺陷和非严重缺陷,从而对评定管道焊接缺陷的严重性提出了一种既安全可靠又经济合理的工程处理法。这一方法已被成功地用于上海石化总厂,对其部分在役易燃易爆工艺管线进行了安全评定并解决了超标焊接缺陷的修复问题。     

关于三峡工程的安全管理

三峡工程举世瞩目，搞好三峡工程的安全管理，对保障参建人员的生命安全和身体健康、促进三峡工程的文明施工、树立三峡工程一流的建设形象具有重要意义。本文在分析三峡工程安全管理现状及特点的基础上，指出切实执行国家对工程施工安全与卫生状况的直接监察、加大工程监理对施工现场安全与卫生状况的监督管理力度与加强三峡工程安全文化建设、提高参建人员安全素质相结合，是实现一流的安全管理的重要保证。     

Measurement techniques for organizational safety causal models: Characterization and suggestions for enhancements

Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines with actual and potential application to causal modeling of organizational safety risk, this paper explores issues regarding measurement techniques in a quantitative safety analysis context. The interdependencies of modeling perspectives, constructs, and measures are indentified, leading to (a) characterization and classification of measurement techniques, (b) suggestions on the selection of appropriate measurement methods for different types of model constructs including individual-level, global, configural, and shared, and (c) discussion of the modeling implications of interactions between measurement, constructs, and causal paths. A multi-dimensional perspective is offered through combinations of different “measurement methods” and “measurement bases”. A Bayesian approach is also proposed to operationalize the multi-dimensional measurements. Examples are provided to help explain the roles of these measurements in capturing the relation between organizational factors and safety performance. This paper is a product of research which has the primary purpose of extending Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) modeling frameworks to include the effects of organizational factors as the fundamental causes of accidents and incidents.     

Examining Community Perceptions of Energy Systems Development: The Role of Communication and Sense of Place

An increasing demand for the development and implementation of low carbon energy systems has furthered the need to understand the factors that influence a community's support for or opposition to local energy developments. Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCS) is one such energy system where it is widely acknowledged that public perceptions and acceptance of CCS technologies are critical to their implementation. CCS refers to the capture of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources and the long-term storage of these emissions in stable underground reservoirs. This case study examines how place attachment and community networks factored into resident's perceptions of a proposed CCS project that was ultimately canceled due to local opposition. Participants were concerned about preserving shared places, spaces, and interactions that were valued by community members. Results demonstrate the need to ascertain how locally affected populations view CCS or other energy developments, especially with regard to their ideas about community, sense of place (ties to area and local relationships), and how they communicate about those factors. Such factors are important given the initiative to develop low carbon energy systems in rural areas.     

SAPS处理酸性矿山废水的模拟应用研究

根据硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的生物矿化原理设计了一套连续碱度产生系统(SAPS)反应器,以市政污水处理厂的活性污泥为SRB提供源,南方常见的香芋柄为有机物碳源,选用石灰石为反应器中碱度层填充物,进行实验室模拟SAPS处理酸性矿山废水(AMD)的应用研究,实验结果表明,SAPS处理酸性矿山废水的方法是具有技术可行的:SRB利用有机碳源生长代谢,产生碱度、还原SO42-和降解COD。最终废水pH从进水4.0左右上升到出水7.0左右;出水COD降低到约200 mg/L; SO42-还原为各种硫化物,其还原率约为61%;不同金属离子在有机层和碱度层发生反应产生沉淀,其中Fe2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的去除效率分别约为76%、78.5%和82%,而主要靠物理吸附作用的Mn2+去除率较低;初次模拟SAPS运行到56 d时,系统最终因有机碳源不足而各项指标不再改变。     

以人为本的现代工业安全管理

现代生产中发生的意外事故 ,80 %以上是由于人的因素造成的。笔者运用人机工程学和行为科学理论 ,对人的不安全行为和因素进行了深入的归类分析 ;阐述了人因事故预测和预防对策 ;指出工业安全管理应该从人的角度出发 ,系统地建立安全管理体系 ;最后 ,运用系统工程的观点 ,提出了构建以人为本的安全管理体系的结构 ,该体系的实行将能够使现代工业安全管理提高到一个新的水平。     

Participative multi-actor safety screening of infrastructures

Infrastructure planning very often underestimates safety issues in the early design phase. The reason for this is not necessarily the overwhelming importance of other aspects, such as functionality and economic considerations. Rather, the controversial views on safety held by different safety experts accounts for the major reason for not attributing safety the importance it deserves. In this paper we propose a seven-step methodology that allows multiple decision makers to evaluate infrastructure alternatives using safety and other indicators in early project phases. The methodology is based on analytic risk assessments, where the decision makers are asked to make ordinal tradeoffs among different safety, economic, and subjective aspects. The methodology allows multiple decision makers to aggregate preferences for different alternatives evaluated by different decision makers in a participative fashion. The proposed methodology was implemented in the Multimedia Group Decision Support Room at Delft University of Technology. The methodology was validated using real decision makers to show its realism and potential for participative decision making in safety planning.     

Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driving behavior

INTRODUCTION: Research suggests safety climate (SC) is a strong predictor of safety-related outcomes in organizations. This study explores the relationship between six SC dimensions and four aspects of work-related driving. METHOD: The SC factors measured were "communication and procedures," "work pressures," "relationships," "safety rules," "driver training," and "management commitment." The aspects of self-reported occupational driving measured were traffic violations, driver error, driving while distracted, and pre-trip vehicle maintenance. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the SC factors accounted for significant amounts of variance in all four aspects of work-related driving, over and above the control factors of age, sex, and work-related driving exposure. However, further investigation indicated certain SC factors (particularly safety rules, communication, and management commitment) were more strongly related to specific aspects of work-related driving behavior than others. Together, the SC factors were better able to predict self-reported distraction from the road than the other aspects of driving behavior measured. Implications for occupational safety, particularly for the management of work-related drivers are discussed.