面向突发性水污染事件的三维可视化系统

针对突发性水污染事件的突发性、复杂性与潜在的次生衍生危害等特点,设计并开发了面向突发性水污染事件的三维可视化系统。对建设三维可视化系统的需求进行了分析,提出了系统的四层体系结构,基于三维地理信息系统World Wind组件,采用三维可视化环境建模、海量数据缓存机制以及基础地理信息集成等信息技术,开发了系统的基本应用与高级应用,将系统应用到2005年发生在松花江流域的突发性水污染事件中。实例表明:所设计的三维可视化系统具有集成性、可扩展性和较好三维表现力等特点,支持海量数据与复杂应用的集成与三维展示,为突发性水污染事件的空间模拟和决策支持提供支撑。     

生态农业系统综合效益评价研究动态与展望

总结了国内外生态农业发展和生态农业系统生态经济评价体系及评价的方法，阐述了生态农业综合效益评价的特点及国内外研究的最新动态。提出土壤健康在农业持续发展评价中的重要性。最后指出了生态-经济系统整合模型在建立生态农业最优化模式中的应用前景。     

Principal sustainability components: empirical analysis of synergies between the three pillars of sustainability

Starting from the concept of three fundamental sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic), this study investigated professional contributions to sustainability by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Graduates from the Environmental Sciences program (N?=?542) at ETH Zurich described their best professional contributions to sustainable development. Next, they evaluated whether their best practice example contributed to achieving any of the five environmental, social, and economic objectives of the Swiss national sustainability strategy. These judgments served as the basis for a PCA aiming to identify principal sustainability components (PSCs) covering typical synergies between sustainability objectives within and transcending the three fundamental dimensions. Three PSCs capturing important synergies were identified. PSC 1 Product and Process Development reflects how ecological innovation and modernization can generate social and economic benefits and at the same time facilitate the reduction in use of as well as the responsible use of natural resources. PSC 2 Education and Social Economics reflects how educational activities and sociocultural sustainability initiatives can simultaneously promote income and employment, social and human capital, and free personal development. PSC 3 Protection of Nature and Humans covers the synergetic benefits which protection of natural spaces and biodiversity and the reduction of environmental risks have for the protection of health and safety of the population. The study also revealed that integration of environmental, social, and economic aspects is often connected to conflicts between these dimensions. However, contributions which consider the economic situation of future generations or enhance social and human capital achieved considerable integration but showed no inclination toward such conflicts.     

航天器内部充电评估软件的实现

在欧空局提供的FLUMIC模型的基础上,加入了地球同步轨道GOES卫星在2003--2009年大于2MeV的高能电子通量数据,验证改进了其在L=6．6Re处的理论公式;并利用FLUMIC模型在一般L值情形下的理论公式,设计编写了航天器内部充电评估软件。此软件能计算在一定的时间内,卫星在轨运行时可能遭受的粒子微分通量或积分通量值,以作为航天器高能辐射防护的设计依据。     

Reliability assessment of safety instrumented systems subject to different demand modes

Safety instrumented systems (SISs) are commonly used in the process industry, to respond to hazardous events. In line with the important standard IEC 61508, SISs are generally classified into two types: low-demand systems and high-demand systems. This article explores this classification by studying the SIS reliability for varying demand rates, demand durations, and test intervals. The approach is based on Markov models and is exemplified by two simple system configurations. The SIS reliability is quantified by the probability of failure on demand (PFD) and the frequency of entering a hazardous state that will lead to an accident if the situation is not controlled by additional barriers. The article concludes that very low-demand systems are similar and may be treated as a group. The same applies to very high-demand system. Between these group, there is a rather long interval where the demand rate is neither high-demand nor low-demand. These medium-demand systems need a specific treatment. The article shows that the frequency of entering into a hazardous state increases with the demand rate for low-demand systems, while it is nearly independent of both the demand rate and the demand duration for high-demand systems. The PFD is an adequate measure for the SIS reliability for low-demand systems, but may be confusing and difficult to interpret for high-demand systems.     

水环境监测信息集成、共享与决策支持平台构建

以水环境监测数据可靠传输交换与集成、信息规范化处理分析、高效共享与决策支持为应用主线,对水环境监测信息集成、共享与决策支持平台的建设目标、总体架构、主要功能进行了研究,设计了平台的总体架构及主要功能,以实现涉水部门水环境信息的采集、传输、交换、存储、分析、发布、共享、展现等,为环境管理与决策人员、为公众、为各级(国家级流域级省级地市级县级)环境监测业务人员提供信息支撑。     

昆明市经济发展梯度及经济一体化发展策略

昆明市下辖14个县(市)区,14个县(市)区之间经济发展水平差异显著。建立了昆明市经济发展水平评价指标体系,利用聚类分析法结合2006年《昆明统计年鉴》以及2006年《云南省统计年鉴》数据,将14个县(市)区划分为3个经济梯度,并提出了梯度间一体化发展策略。     

A process integration approach to industrial water conservation: a case study for a Chinese steel plant

A systematic approach to optimizing water network has traditionally been utilized to exam and plan water conservation in industrial processes. In the present case study, water-pinch technology was used to analyze and optimize the water network of a steel plant near China's Zhangjiakou city. A system design was developed and a limiting constraint (Cl(-) concentration) was identified based on investigations of water quality then the minimum freshwater and wastewater targets were determined without considering water losses. The analysis was then extended by calculating the additional input of freshwater required to balance the actual water losses. A nearest-neighbor algorithm (NNA) was used to distribute the freshwater and recycled water among each of the plant's operations. The results showed that with some reconstruction of the water network, the flow rates of freshwater and wastewater could be decreased by 57.5% and 81.9%, respectively.