在役压力容器缺陷处理

介绍了在役压力容器常见缺陷以及它们的处理方法。     

浅谈建设监理中的安全控制

目前我国大中型建设项目和国家重点工程都实行了建设监理制,在控制工程质量、安全、造价和工期等方面均取得了很大成效。本文阐述了建设监理中安全控制的内容,并针对施工中的不安全因素提出了预防对策。     

电梯回路及其故障检查

介绍了电梯各装置的功能,电梯的安全装置回路,及其故障检查方法。     

一种现代化的安全管理方法──安全管理信息系统

安全管理信息系统是现代化安全管理中,安全信息综合处理的枢纽,是安全信息管理、安全决策的关键。通过建立以安技部门为信息处理中心、各危险岗位和各专业部门为终端的安全管理信息系统网络,从而由安全信息反馈来推进对隐患的不断检查、整改和监控,形成闭环管理,力求把安全管理从传统的事后追踪变为事前的预防控制,使安全管理工作逐步走向科学化、系统化和规范化,对提高目前安全管理水平具有实际意义。     

爆炸焊接的安全评估和安全防护措施

根据爆炸焊接的装药特点,对爆炸焊接炸药的使用、爆炸产生的地震波、毒气、噪音等的安全性进行了分析,给出了定量的计算公式,同时还针对不同的爆破危害,提出了相应的安全防护措施     

中国安全文化建设的时代背景——兼谈21世纪安全科技文化新观点

虽然,职业安全卫生在其硬件、管理及人的行为规范方面取得了较大成效,但在世界范围内,意外职业伤亡事故的严峻形势仍令人十分担忧。随着科技进步、工业发展和社会文明的要求,本世纪８０ 年代,有人提出安全文化的理论。在国内一些工业企业中,大量的实践证明,安全文化建设是做好职业安全卫生工作的基础,也是大众安全及社区安全的基础。笔者分析了中国安全文化建设产生的背景,研究了弘扬和传播安全文化的途径,提出了当代人应树立跨世纪的安全科技文化新观点     

智能型防碰天车装置的安全可靠性分析

针对目前油田钻井现场使用的智能型防碰天车装置存在一些安全问题，分析了问题的实质是设计测量精度和安全可靠性不高。提出了具体改进设计的方案与意见。     

Associations between driver training, determinants of risky driving behaviour and crash involvement

The core aim of the study is to examine associations between formal and informal practical driver training as well as driving experience on the one hand and young drivers’ safety attitudes, self-assessment of driving ability and self-reported driver behaviour on the other hand. An additional aim is to examine the associations between attitudes, self-assessment and behaviour on the one hand and crash involvement on the other hand. The results are based on a self-completion questionnaire survey conducted among a representative sample of Norwegian drivers aged 18–20 years (n = 1419). The results showed that there were small yet significant associations between driver training, on the one hand and traffic safety attitudes and risky driving behaviour on the other hand. The amount of formal driver training was negatively associated with the respondents’ evaluation of their driving skills; although the amount of lay instruction was positively associated with such self-evaluation. The results also showed that attitudes as well as self-assessment of driving ability were significantly associated with self-reported risk behaviour. This was especially true for attitudes related to rule violations. There was a strong association between crash involvement and exposure (measured as months holding a licence). Young novice drivers’ crash involvement seems stronger associated with driving skills (manifested as self-assessment of driving ability) than safety attitudes and self-reported driver behaviour. The consequences of the results for driver training and accident prevention are discussed.     

Identification, analysis and dissemination of information on near misses: A case study in the construction industry

Near misses are well-known for providing a major source of useful information for safety management. They are more frequent events than accidents and their causes may potentially result in an accident under slightly different circumstances. Despite the importance of this type of feedback, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of near misses, and on the use of this information in safety management. This article proposes guidelines for identifying, analyzing and disseminating information on near misses in construction sites. In particular, it is proposed that near misses be analyzed based on four categories: (a) whether or not it was possible to track down the event; (b) the nature of each event, in terms of its physical features (e.g. falling objects); (c) whether they provided positive or negative feedback for the safety management system; and (d) risk, based on the probability and severity associated with each event. The guidelines were devised and tested while a safety management system was being developed in a healthcare building project. The monitoring of near misses was part of a safety performance measurement system. Among the main results, a dramatic increase in both the number and quality of reports stands out after the workforce was systematically encouraged to report. While in the first 4 months of the study – when the workforce was not encouraged to report – there were just 12 reports, during the subsequent 4 months – when the workforce was so encouraged – there were 110 reports, all of them being analyzed based on the four analytical categories proposed.     

南方城市雨洪基础设施安全保障对策探析

通过对基础设施、单项综合交通、环境保护、绿地系统及河湖水系、城市排水、综合防灾规划中雨洪相关内容进行整合,建立科学的雨洪专项综合规划模式。对雨洪专项综合规划中的城市基础设施用地规划、道路雨水收集方式、绿地系统、河湖水面及大型公共设施的雨洪调蓄用地、雨水的环境污染、雨水工程及防洪工程等雨洪内容进行控制,确保雨洪专项综合规划的实施。采用区域统筹、科学调度的综合管理模式,保障雨洪专项综合规划健康持续发展,为提高城市雨洪基础设施安全保障性能、提升城市防灾减灾能力提供科学依据。