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根据2019年7月国务院印发和出台的《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》(国发〔2019〕13号)和《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》提出的相应考核指标,在基本理念、基本知识和基本技能3个生态环境与健康素养一级分类指标中,当调查对象得分之和大于或等于卷面分数的70%,则认为其具备该分类生态环境与健康素养.居民整体... 相似文献
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为研究高瓦斯易自燃煤层不同供风量、高抽巷抽采流量、低抽巷抽采流量3因素对采空区自燃“三带”分布影响规律,选取阳煤五矿8406工作面为研究对象,在数值模拟研究基础上,采用Design Expert软件进行Box Behnken试验设计,构建采空区氧化升温带宽度在3因素、3水平条件下的二次回归响应曲面模型,并对不同条件下采空区氧化升温带宽度进行预测与分析。结果表明:二次回归方程P值为0.001 6,预测模型显著,模型的失拟项为0.606 3,不显著,回归方程具有统计学意义;当供风量为1 500~2 000 m3/min,低抽流量为450~650 m3/min,高抽流量为100~200 m3/min时,对氧化升温带宽度一次项重要度排序为C(高抽巷抽采流量)>A(供风量)>B(低抽巷抽采流量),二次项重要度排序为AC(供风量和高抽巷抽采流量)>AB(供风量和低抽巷抽采流量)>BC(低抽巷抽采流量和高抽巷抽采流量),且AB,AC,BC之间均无交互作用。 相似文献
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Introduction: Safe and accessible transportation options are important for older adults’ health, safety, mobility, and independence. Ride share services may promote older adult health and well-being. This is the first study that describes ride share services available to older adults (65+ years) in the United States, including factors that may affect use of services. Methods: We analyzed secondary data from two research and administrative databases provided by ITNAmerica, a national non-profit transportation service for older adults: ITNRides, which tracks information on older adults who used ITN in 29 locations across the United States from 1996 to 2019, and Rides in Sight, the largest national data source on ride share services for older adults. We conducted a literature review, and telephone interviews with nine key informants representing ride share services, referral services, and other organizations. We offer a conceptual framework describing factors that may affect older adults’ use of ride share services. Results: This study identified 917 non-profit ride share services and eleven for-profit ride share services available for older adults in the United States as of August 2018. Services varied by corporate structure, location, use of technology, and business model. The majority of non-profit services served primarily older adults, while the for-profit services served primarily younger adults. Riders from one multi-site non-profit service had a median age of 82. Use of ride share services is affected by individual needs and preferences; social conditions; and business and policy factors. Conclusion: Ride share services may offer a promising alternative to driving for older adults and may help to address negative health consequences associated with driving cessation. Practical applications: These findings may help policy makers, practitioners, and other stakeholders understand older adults’ needs related to use of ride share services in order to offer solutions that prioritize public health and safety. 相似文献
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Introduction: FOCUS, the Fire Service Organizational Culture of Safety survey, has evolved from a research to practice enterprise within the United States fire and rescue service. The FOCUS tool was developed through a FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Research & Development grant. Then it moved to practice in the field. To date over 35,000 firefighters have participated. A current FEMA Fire Prevention & Safety grant can support FOCUS assessment in up to 1,000 fire departments, with the potential of nearly 120,000 respondents. With each funding cycle, the goal of the FOCUS program is to grow and measure its research to practice impact. Methods: We describe how FOCUS safety culture results are disseminated to fire service stakeholders. By utilizing customized reports and a training curriculum we demonstrate how FOCUS is moving research to practice by: (1) illustrating how survey results can be delivered effectively to practitioners, (2) providing examples of how fire departments are using results, and (3) sharing the reactions of the fire service to the FOCUS instrument, reports, and our flagship data training curriculum – Culture Camp. Results' Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed to demonstrate the impact and acceptance of the FOCUS report and Culture Camps. Stakeholders reflect on the report and the experience of having quantitative safety culture data. Culture Camps are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using a matching game exercise, pre/post-test, a fire department teach back, and a Qualtrics evaluation. Practical Applications: Traditionally, the fire service has focused on reducing negative safety outcomes. FOCUS is helping shift their attention further upstream in the prevention pathway through the measurement of important organizational outcomes. The research to practice evolution of the FOCUS program may hold utility for other occupational groups when considering how to steadily move occupational health and safety research to practice in the field for measurable impact. 相似文献
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Safety assessment has a primary role in hazardous operations. Most studies on safety assessment focus on risk and accident modeling, in which safety is absent. These top-down methods are highly dependent on the occurred accidents to establish accidental scenarios, which may make the assessment approach lagging behind the evolving modern systems. Moreover, this “special to general” logic is scientifically suspect in safety assessment. There is a call for the development of safety assessment methods in the presence of system safety to complement risk-focused safety analysis. These methods should provide a framework based on a bottom-up approach to examine system safety from the operational perspective. This paper has attempted to provide a potential solution. In particular, a novel concept of safety entropy is proposed to integrate with The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), which is used to form the qualitative understanding of a system. A formula consisted of safety entropy, functional conformability, and system complexity has been established to determine the spontaneity of the safety state-changing process. The proposed method is applied to the safety assessment of a propane feed-control system. The results show the applicability of the method. Nevertheless, the model still needs to be further improved to fulfill better support for safety-related decision problems. 相似文献
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Reducing accident occurrence in petrochemical plants is crucial, thus appropriately allocating management resources to safety investment is a vital issue for corporate management as international competition intensifies. Understanding the priority of safety investment in a rational way helps achieve this objective.In this study, we targeted an acrylonitrile plant. First, Dow Chemical's Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) identified the reaction process as having the greatest physical risk. We evaluated the severity of accidents in the reaction process using the Process Safety Metrics advocated by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS); however, this index does not express damages a company actually experience. To solve this problem, we proposed a new metric that adds indirect cost to CCPS metrics. We adopted fault tree analysis (FTA) as a risk assessment method. In identifying top events and basic events, we attempted to improve the completeness of risk identification by considering accidents from the past, actual plant operation and equipment characteristics, natural disasters, and cyber-attacks and terrorist attacks. Consequently, we identified the top events with high priority in handling because of serious accidents as fire/explosion outside the reactor, fire/explosion inside the reactor, and reactor destruction. The new CCPS evaluation index proposed in this study found that fire and explosion outside the reactor has the highest severity. We considered the creation of the fault tree (FT) diagram of the top event, estimating the occurrence probability, and identifying the risk reduction part and capital investment aimed at risk reduction. As an economically feasible selection method for risk reduction investment, using the difference in loss amounts before and after safety investments indicated investment priority. 相似文献
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黄河河口区域有机污染物的特征分析 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8
对2004年采集于黄河河口区域的水样进行了检测分析共鉴定出有机污染物8类192种,包括VOCs33种、SVOCs159种;其中属美国列出的129种优先控制污染物的有62种,属我国列出的58种优先控制污染物的有33种,属GB3838-2002控制的有31种.定量出的VOCs有19种,主要包括卤代烃类和单环芳香族类,其质量浓度平均值分别为0.683和0.609 μg/L;定量出的SVOCs有69种,主要包括多环芳烃类、酯类、单环芳香族类、卤代烃类、酚类和农药类,其质量浓度平均值分别为0.458,1.011,0.367,0.121,0 220和0.045 μg/L,其中多环芳烃类、酯类和单环芳香族类的污染程度相对较高,分别超标2.857,0.288和0.001~1.543倍. 相似文献
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