安全标志的标准化生产使用及检验标准

就国内企业在安全标志的选材、制作、检验使用中存在的一些问题,提出了一些针对性较强同时具备可操作性的措施和方法,以便于生产企业和使用单位进一步规范其制作和使用安全标志的标准,使安全标志真正成为为企业传递安全信息的载体.     

中国安全爆破工程面临的新课题

通过对国内安全爆破工程理论与实践的现状的分析 ,探讨了中国安全爆破工程的发展方向及前景 ,提出了新世纪安全爆破工程面临的新课题。     

太钢安全工作新思路的尝试

太钢自1996年以来,开始了“大安全”工作思路,狠抓了人身安全,职业卫生安全,设备设施安全,生产组织安全,技术工艺安全,交通安全,消防安全,后勤保障安全,医疗卫生安全,环境保护,社会活动安全等,取得了很大效果。     

Cost effective alternative in meeting the required Safety Integrity Level (SIL)

Demonstrating process safety has always been one of the paramount concerns of Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) companies in the industrial sector, especially with the development of stringent standards such as IEC-61508 and IEC-61511. One of the means of process safety demonstration is through Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Verification. In some cases, SIL verification results show that several Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs) do not meet their required SIL; and one of the actions is to add new SIF components. However, with the addition of new components comes a change order, which eventually leads to added cost and time overruns for design and construction projects; and in some instances, introduces additional risks to the system. This paper presents a case study based on the SIL verification report of a design and construction project. The scenario of interest involves the over-pressurization in the High Pressure (HP) Flare Knock-Out (KO) Drum which activates a SIF that will close two Shutdown Valves (SDVs), preventing added pressure to be delivered to the KO Drum. Seeing as two SDVs in a 2oo2 configuration need to be closed, the SIF was not able to meet its target failure measure of SIL 2. Three cases were set, in order to meet the required SIL. The first one involves adding new SDVs; the second case made use of upstream existing SDVs, while the third one is similar with the second but differs in configuration of the SDVs. SIL verification was performed for all three cases through the Fault Tree Analysis modeling technique. Results of this study suggest that using existing instruments can be a cost effective way of meeting the required SIL, which eliminates all the hassle and potential risk introduced when bringing in new instruments to the design.     

攀钢修建公司安全管理工作的经验

叙述了安全与经济效益及安全管理与施工进度、工期的关系,指出安全工作必须从严从细、从实管理,走现代化的管理之路。     

建筑物拆除作业的安全技术

对旧建筑物拆除,诸如墙体、基础、砖石建筑物、地板、油罐等容器、铜结构和特殊结构建筑物的拆除中的一般安全技术措施、拆除设施的设置、警告装置、安全装置,均作了较具体而明确的要求;对机械法拆除和爆破法拆除两种拆除方法中的安全技术要求,也有简要论述。     

硅锰合金电炉烟气干法净化煤气回收的设计与分析

结合9000kVA硅锰合金电炉烟气净化,对干法烟气净化、煤气回收工艺中烟气参数的选取和控制、安全保证等问题进行了分析,并对其进行了技术经济性评价。     

深入推行点检定修制强化起重设备安全管理

介绍了起重设备点检定修制的含义和内容 ,与计划检修相比较 ,指出了点检定修制的优点 ,为强化起重设备安全管理 ,推荐了一种行之有效的方法。     

Analysis of gas dispersion and ventilation within a comprehensive CAD model of an offshore platform via computational fluid dynamics

Maintaining an adequate air flow with a desired air quality that is free from hazardous gases is among the most important actions taken toward the improvement of safety in any process plant. Due to the increased focus on the consequences of existing hazardous material on safety, health, and the environment, air quality and sufficient ventilation within a plant has been increasingly considered in the design stage. This paper investigates and analyzes methane and hydrogen sulfite dispersion and the effect of air ventilation within a CAD model of an offshore platform using computation fluids dynamics (CFD). In addition, this method and its principals could be utilized in any other hazardous environment. Simulations of possible hazardous events along with solutions for preventing or reducing their probability are presented to better assess the data. These investigations are performed by considering hypothetical hazardous scenarios which consist of gas leakages from pipes and process equipment under different conditions. After drafting a precise and highly detailed CAD model of the plant and performing CFD simulations on this model, the results of gas behaviors, dispersion, distribution, accumulation, and its possible hazards are investigated and analyzed. The larger amount of details of the actual plant model in CFD simulation are obtained by using a combination of different methods and software. These include PDMS for 3-D drawing of the plan, Rinoceros for geometrical integration of the process equipment and facilities, and Sharc Harpoon which meshes the model. Moreover, the probability of inducing ignitable or toxic concentration of gases within the atmosphere and air ventilation of the unit is considered by these investigations.     

The role of component arrangement in complex safety instrumented systems—A case study

The arrangement of components plays a key role in the performance of complex Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), in which a SIS logic solver is interlocked with other logic solvers, to share a final element, for instance. The position of the components and the way they are utilized affects the reliability characteristics, such as the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD), Spurious Trip Rate (STR), architectural sensitivity and model uncertainty. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to elaborate on various aspects of component arrangement in complex SIS. Numerous simplified models are analyzed; new classification is introduced for SIS components based on their response to demand; a set of guidelines are developed for SIS architecture design, with a focus on component arrangement; and the use of these guidelines is demonstrated in a real-life example, where an existing turbine SIS is modified to incorporate a new over-speed protection system. The simplified models and the turbine upgrade project are also used to explain the issue of unknowns and uncertainties in reliability analysis and how these issues can be addressed in SIS architecture by optimizing component arrangement.